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III/168 General Catalog of S Stars, second edition (Stephenson 1984)
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General Catalog of S Stars, second edition
Stephenson, C.B.
<Publ. Warner & Swasey Observatory, 3, no. 1, 1 (1984)>
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ADC_Keywords: Stars, late-type ; Stars, S
Description:
This catalog is intended to list all Galactic S stars having known
positions of at least roughly the precision of the Henry Draper
catalog. An S star is a star in whose spectrum the bands of the ZrO
molecule are detectable, ordinarily without needing sufficient
spectral resolution to resolve the individual rotational lines of a
band. In addition, stars exhibiting readily detectable LaO in the
photographic infrared, where there is no significant ZrO, are known to
form a subset of S stars (more extreme in abundances or low
temperature), and this catalog includes stars classified only from the
infrared. The majority of the stars were, however, discovered on the
basis of the (0,0) band, with head near 6474Angstroem, of the red
system of ZrO.
Nomenclature Note:
There are three catalogues of S stars by Stephenson, each
being numbered from 1. Care should therefore be taken to
make a clear distinction between
a) The first Edition (1976, Publ. Warner & Swasey Obs. 2, No. 2;
Catalog III/60); these objects are designated "GCSS"
b) This second edition published in 1984; these objects are
designated "CSS"
c) A complement to the Second Edition published in 1990
(=1990AJ....100..569S), designated by "CSS2"
Ahthor's Introduction:
The first edition of this catalog, published more than eight years
ago, contained little more than half of the present number of stars,
but nearly half of those were previously unpublished although lists of
Henize's discoveries had been widely circulated. The principal
additions since then come from three sources: (1) A low-dispersion
infrared survey of the southern Milky Way by Westerlund, the S stars
from which are hitherto unpublished; (2) a relatively high-dispersion
red survey by MacConnell, also of the southern Milky Way, published in
two lists here catalog-coded as MacCon79 and MacCon82; and (3) an
unpublished and just-completed intermediate-dispersion red survey by
Stephenson, covering the sky north of declination -25d and outside of
galactic latitudes +/-10d. This last survey was intended to create for
such red surveys a degree of completeness for the entire sky that was
wholly lacking in the first edition.
As remarked in the first edition, a logical reason for undertaking
this catalog is the author's access to the Observatory's extensive
collection of blue, red, and infrared objective prism plates, which
covers the entire northern sky (though not in all wavelength regions)
plus the southern Milky Way. As before, this collection was used not
only for new discoveries, but also to resolve many cases of confusion
in the literature.
Previous objective prism surveys that were capable of identifying S
stars have been summarized by Stephenson in the first edition of this
catalog (Stephenson 1976), and also by Yorka and Wing (1979). The best
combination of limiting magnitude (mostly 11.5 to 12, visual) and
completeness has been achieved in the red spectral region, using the
ZrO band with head at 6474 A. The entire northern sky north of
declination -25d, plus the southern Milky Way, has been surveyed by
Stephenson or N. Sanduleak (who did about 40% of the southern Milky
Way), at 1,000 A/mm at H alpha (about 700 A/mm at the D lines). The
rest of the southern sky has been done to 10th mag. by K. Henize,
using 300 A/mm at the D lines.
When the first edition of the S-star catalog was published, there had
been no satisfactory red survey (that is, one that was capable of
finding S stars consistently) of the sky north of declination -25d and
outside of galactic latitudes +/-10d. The author has since remedied
this lack, using the Burrell Schmidt telescope. The survey was begun
at the old site in Ohio, using improved telescope optics (new
corrector plus refigured mirror), but all but some 140 of the nearly
1300 required fields were taken at the Schmidt's new location on Kitt
Peak.
Also, additional surveys have turned up numbers of S stars in the
southern Milky Way. B. Westerlund has used the infrared region at 2100
A/mm to search between galactic latitudes +/-5d and longitudes 235d to
7d, to a limiting infrared magnitude of 12.5. The comparable northern
infrared surveys stop about 3 mags. brighter than this, but the author
hopes to remedy this situation within a few years. Westerlund's new S
stars are published for the first time in the present catalog.
MacConnell's new S stars were found with 420 A/mm at H alpha; his
plates have the highest spectral resolution of any of the red surveys,
and so include the weakest S stars.