J/ApJS/248/15 CO obs. of molecular outflows in the Cygnus complex (Zhang+, 2020)
Searching for molecular outflows with support vector machines: the dark cloud
complex in Cygnus.
Zhang S., Yang J., Xu Y., Chen X., Su Y., Sun Y., Zhou X., Li Y., Lu D.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 248, 15 (2020)>
=2020ApJS..248...15Z 2020ApJS..248...15Z
ADC_Keywords: Molecular clouds; Carbon monoxide; YSOs
Keywords: Stellar jets ; Astronomical object identification ; Molecular clouds
Abstract:
We present a survey of molecular outflows across the dark cloud
complex in the Cygnus region, based on a 46.75deg2 field of CO
isotopologue data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP)
survey. A supervised machine-learning algorithm, the support vector
machine, is introduced to accelerate our visual assessment of outflow
features in the data cube of 12CO and 13CO J=1-0 emission. A total
of 130 outflow candidates are identified, 77 of which show bipolar
structures and 118 are new detections. Spatially, these outflows are
located inside dense molecular clouds, and some of them are found in
clusters or in elongated linear structures tracing the underlying gas
filament morphology. Along the line of sight, 97, 31, and 2 candidates
reside in the Local, Perseus, and Outer Arms, respectively. Young
stellar objects as outflow drivers are found near most outflows, while
36 candidates show no associated source. The clusters of outflows that
we detect are inhomogeneous in their properties; nevertheless, we show
that the outflows cannot inject turbulent energy on cloud scales.
Instead, at best, they are restricted to affecting the so-called
"clump" and "core" scales, and only on short (∼0.3Myr) estimated
timescales. Combined with outflow samples in the literature, our work
shows a tight outflow mass-size correlation.
Description:
As part of the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP;
Su+ 2019ApJS..240....9S 2019ApJS..240....9S) project, we observed a series of Lynds dark
clouds in the Cygnus region connecting L935 to IC 5146 with the Purple
Mountain Observatory Delingha (PMODLH) 13.7m telescope. 12CO (1-0),
13CO (1-0), and C18O (1-0) lines were observed simultaneously with
the 3x3 beam superconducting array receiver working in sideband
separation mode, with a set of fast Fourier transform spectrometers
employed.
A total of 600hr were used for the observations from 2012 to 2016.
The half-power beam width is 52" at 115GHz, and the pointing accuracy
is better than 5".
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 120 210 List of detected outflows
table2.dat 71 210 Physical properties of outflows
refs.dat 61 9 References
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See also:
VII/20 : Catalogue of HII Regions (Sharpless 1959)
VII/7 : Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds 1962)
VII/244 : Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds (Dobashi+, 2005)
J/AJ/123/304 : BV(RI)CJHK Hα photometry in IC 5146 (Herbig+, 2002)
J/A+A/418/131 : Far-infrared loops in the 2nd Galactic Quadrant (Kiss+, 2004)
J/A+A/426/503 : High velocity molecular outflows (Update) (Wu+ 2004)
J/A+A/472/187 : 12CO outflows towards submm cores in Perseus (Hatchell+, 2007)
J/PASJ/59/1185 : Water maser in galactic IRAS sources (Sunada+, 2007)
J/ApJ/680/495 : Survey of Interstellar clouds in Gould belt (Harvey+, 2008)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJ/697/787 : The NAN complex. I. IRAC observations (Guieu+, 2009)
J/A+A/501/539 : RMS survey. 6cm observations of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)
J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)
J/ApJ/723/492 : Physical data of GRS molecular clouds (Roman-Duval+, 2010)
J/PASJ/63/S1 : Atlas & catalog of dark clouds based on 2MASS (Dobashi+, 2011)
J/A+A/525/A157 : SDSS automated morphology classif. (Huertas-Company+, 2011)
J/ApJS/193/25 : The NAN complex. II. MIPS observations (Rebull+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/418/1689 : Red MSX water maser and ammonia emissions (Urquhart+, 2011)
J/AJ/147/46 : Properties of clumps in the NAN complex (Zhang+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/147 : Galactic HII regions. I. Stellar distances (Foster+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/20 : Outflows and bubbles in Taurus (Li+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/92 : Ammonia & CO outflow around 6.7GHz methanol masers (Li+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/458/3479 : SVM selection of WISE YSO Candidates (Marton+, 2016)
J/A+A/594/A28 : Planck Catalog of Galactic cold clumps (PGCC) (Planck+, 2016)
J/A+A/602/A115 : X-ray survey of NGC7000/IC5070 (Damiani+, 2017)
J/ApJ/838/49 : CO large-field observations around l=150° (Xiong , 2017)
J/A+A/610/A77 : Orion Integral Filament N2H+(1-0) data (Hacar+, 2018)
J/ApJS/234/8 : YSO jets from UWISH2. IV. Cygnus-X outflows (Makin+, 2018)
J/ApJS/242/19 : CO outflow candidates toward W3/4/5 complex (Li+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Name of dectected outflow (DMOC-NNNN)
11- 14 A4 --- Lobe Blue- or Red-shifted lobe
16- 21 F6.3 deg GLON [83.76/95.07] Galactic Longitude
23- 28 F6.3 deg GLAT [-5.5/1.2] Galactic Latitude
30- 34 F5.1 km/s VR0 [-85.2/12.9] Minumum velocity range of lobe
36- 40 F5.1 km/s VR1 [-83/17.5] Maximum velocity range of lobe
42- 46 F5.1 km/s Vsys [-81.1/11.1] Systemic velocity
48- 48 A1 --- Grade Grade of the outflow (A=best) (1)
50- 50 A1 --- New? New detection
52- 60 A9 --- YSO Associated YSOs
62-120 A59 --- Comm Comments (see refs.dat file for the references
given in parenthesis)
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Note (1): Grade as follows:
A = All three criteria detailed in Section 3.2 are fulfilled (127 candidates)
B = The first two criteria detailed in Section 3.2 are satisfied but either
showing a smaller velocity shift (1<Δv<2km/s) or has other
nearby components with the same velocity in the P-V maps.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Name of dectected outflow (DMOC-NNNN)
11- 14 A4 --- Lobe Blue- or Red-shifted lobe
16- 19 F4.2 kpc Dist [0.45/9.5] Distance
22- 25 F4.2 kpc e_Dist [0.05/1.3] Uncertainty in Dist
27- 31 F5.2 km/s Vavg [2.1/10.5] Average velocity away
from systemic velocity
33- 35 F3.1 arcmin Size-L [0.9/6.2] Size along galactic longitude
37- 39 F3.1 arcmin Size-B [0.8/6.9] Size along galactic latitude
41- 44 F4.1 Msun Mass [0.1/52] Mass of the lobes
46- 50 F5.1 Msun.km/s Momentum [0.2/321.4] Momentum of lobes
52- 57 F6.1 10+36J Energy [0.3/3265.6] Energy of lobes, 10+43erg
59- 61 F3.1 arcmin Length [1.0/6.2] Length of the lobes
63- 66 F4.1 10+5yr Tdyn [0.5/22.2] Dynamical time-scale
68- 71 F4.1 10+25W Lflow [0/18.3] Outflow luminosity, 10+32erg/s
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 19 A16 --- Auth First author's name(s)
21- 39 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
41- 61 A21 --- Comm VizieR catalog reference
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 16-Jul-2020