J/ApJS/208/16 Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)
Transit timing observations from Kepler.
VIII. Catalog of transit timing measurements of the first twelve quarters.
Mazeh T., Nachmani G., Holczer T., Fabrycky D.C., Ford E.B.,
Sanchis-Ojeda R., Sokol G., Rowe J.F., Zucker S., Agol E., Carter J.A.,
Lissauer J.J., Quintana E.V., Ragozzine D., Steffen J.H., Welsh W.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 208, 16 (2013)>
=2013ApJS..208...16M 2013ApJS..208...16M
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Planets ; Photometry
Keywords: planetary systems - planets and satellites: detection -
techniques: miscellaneous - techniques: photometric
Abstract:
Following the works of Ford et al. (2011, Cat. J/ApJS/197/2;
2012ApJ...756..185F 2012ApJ...756..185F) and Steffen et al. (2012ApJ...756..186S 2012ApJ...756..186S) we
derived the transit timing of 1960 Kepler objects of interest (KOIs)
using the pre-search data conditioning light curves of the first
twelve quarters of the Kepler data. For 721 KOIs with large enough
signal-to-noise ratios, we obtained also the duration and depth of
each transit. The results are presented as a catalog for the community
to use. We derived a few statistics of our results that could be used
to indicate significant variations. Including systems found by
previous works, we have found 130 KOIs that showed highly significant
times of transit variations (TTVs) and 13 that had short-period TTV
modulations with small amplitudes. We consider two effects that could
cause apparent periodic TTV -- the finite sampling of the observations
and the interference with the stellar activity, stellar spots in
particular. We briefly discuss some statistical aspects of our
detected TTVs. We show that the TTV period is correlated with the
orbital period of the planet and with the TTV amplitude.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 73 1897 Linear ephemerides of the KOI transits, together
with their durations and depths
table2.dat 86 167934 O-C, duration (TDV) and depth (TPV) changes of
the transits (for 1960 KOI)
table3.dat 64 1897 Statistical parameters of the O-C series of KOIs
table4.dat 88 131 KOIs with significant times of transit
variations (TTV) for 130 KOI
table5.dat 88 13 KOIs with significant short-period TTVs
notes.dat 567 25 Notes on individual systems
refs.dat 68 23 References
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/421/2342 : Kepler systems transit timing observations (Steffen+, 2012)
J/A+A/544/L12 : Velocitometry transit of KOI-13 (Santerne+, 2012)
J/A+A/536/L9 : Detections of transit variations in KOI 806 (Tingley+, 2011)
J/A+A/528/A63 : Velocitometry transit of KOI-428b (Santerne+, 2011)
J/ApJS/197/2 : Transit timing observations from Kepler. I. (Ford+, 2011)
J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)
http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/planet_candidates.html : Kepler Planet
candidates
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [1.01/2666.01] Kepler Object of Interest number
9- 18 F10.6 d T0 [53.565/362.375] Time of corrected transit
center; BJD-2454900
20- 27 F8.6 d e_T0 Uncertainty in T0
29- 40 F12.8 d Per [0.6/162] Orbital period
42- 51 F10.8 d e_Per Uncertainty in Per
53- 58 F6.4 --- Dur [0.0005/0.2898] Relative transit duration (1)
60- 66 F7.5 --- Depth [1e-05/0.09462] Relative transit depth (2)
68- 73 F6.1 --- SNR [2.5/1054.7] Median single-transit signal to
*noise ratio
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Note (1): In units of the orbital period; defined as t4-t1, where
t1=beginning of ingress, and t4=end of egress
Note (2): In units of the stellar intensity outside the transit.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [1.01/2841.01] Kepler Object of Interest number
9- 12 I4 --- N [-103/1653] Transit number
14- 24 F11.6 d tn [53.5488/1116] Expected mid-transit time of the
linear ephemeris; BJD-2454900
26- 35 F10.4 min O-C [-1294/1374] O-C difference in mid-transit time
39- 45 F7.3 min e_O-C The uncertainty in O-C
46 A1 --- u_O-C [*] Uncertainty flag on O-C
48- 57 F10.7 --- TDV [-0.66/1.66]? Fractional duration variation (1)
59- 65 F7.5 --- e_TDV ? Uncertainty in TDV
66 A1 --- u_TDV [*] Uncertainty flag on TDV
68- 78 F11.8 --- TPV [-0.65/1.89]? Fractional depth variation (2)
80- 85 F6.4 --- e_TPV ? Uncertainty in TPV
86 A1 --- u_TPV [*] Uncertainty flag on TPV
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Note (1): TDV = (duration of transit - average)/average.
Note (2): TPV = (depth of transit - average)/average.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [1.01/2666.01] Kepler Object of Interest number
9- 14 F6.2 min sigTT [0.09/113.81] Median of TTV uncertainties
16- 22 F7.2 min SO-C [0.09/1000.47] O-C scatter (3)
24- 30 F7.2 d LSper [1.93/1415.31] Lomb-Scargle spectrum peak period
32- 37 F6.2 --- LSpk [1.28/151.89] Lomb-Scargle spectrum peak height
39 A1 --- l_p.LS Limit flag on p.LS
40- 43 F4.1 [-] p.LS [-4/-0] Log probability of obtaining Lomb-Scargle
peak at random
45- 50 F6.3 --- A [-1.3/32.3] Alarm score of TTV (4)
52 A1 --- l_p.A Limit flag on p.A
53- 56 F4.1 [-] p.A [-4/-0] Log probability of obtaining Alarm value
at random
58 I1 --- d.F [0/3] Best fitted polynomial degree under F test
60- 64 F5.1 [-] p.F [-15/0] Log probability of obtaining the F value
at random
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Note (3): 1.4826 times the median absolute deviation of TTV from its median.
Note (4): The "alarm" score "A" of Tamuz et al. (2006MNRAS.367.1521T 2006MNRAS.367.1521T),
which is sensitive to the correlation between adjacent O-Cs. The value
of "A" reflects the number of consecutive TTVs with the same sign,
without assuming any functional shape of the modulation. We calculated
"A" relative to the assumption of no TTV. We assigned a false-alarm
probability (FAP) to the occurrence of the obtained score by
calculating alarm scores for 104 different random permutations of
the same TTVs. Table 3 quotes the alarm score and its p value.
See section 3 for further explanations.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- n_KOI [*] *: Note in notes.dat file
3- 9 F7.2 --- KOI [13.01/2613.01] KOI identification
11- 16 F6.2 d Per [0.7/206]? Orbital period
18 A1 --- Mod [CP-] Model type for variations (1)
20- 28 F9.4 d Vper [2.9/1000]? Best-fit period of the O-C data
variations (using model "C" for table 4)
30- 37 F8.4 d e_Vper ? Vper uncertainty
39- 47 F9.4 min Amp [0.05/1343.5]? The amplitude of the cosine fit
49- 55 F7.4 min e_Amp ? Amp uncertainty
57- 62 F6.2 min Res [0.1/100]? Residual scatter (1.483 times their
Median Absolute Deviation [MAD])
64- 66 I3 --- N [5/998]? Number of Transit Times (TT) measurements
68 I1 --- Np [1/5]? Number of detected planets in the system
(see Batalha et al., 2013, Cat. J/ApJS/204/24)
70- 77 A8 --- Ref Reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
79- 88 A10 --- OID Kepler number (Kepler-NNa)
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Note (1): Model type (table 4 only) as follows:
C = a cosine superimposed on a linear trend,
P = a parabolic fit,
- = no fit.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI [13.01/1546.01] KOI number
9- 10 A2 --- Fig Figure number (Na)
12-567 A556 --- Note Note
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref [1/24] Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 46 A23 --- Aut Author's name(s)
48- 68 A21 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ford et al. Paper I. 2011ApJS..197....2F 2011ApJS..197....2F Cat. J/ApJS/197/2
Ford et al. Paper II. 2012ApJ...750..113F 2012ApJ...750..113F Cat. J/ApJ/750/113
Steffen et al. Paper III. 2012MNRAS.421.2342S 2012MNRAS.421.2342S Cat. J/MNRAS/421/2342
Fabrycky et al. Paper IV. 2012ApJ...750..114F 2012ApJ...750..114F Cat. J/ApJ/750/114
Ford et al. Paper V. 2012ApJ...756..185F 2012ApJ...756..185F
Steffen et al. Paper VI. 2012ApJ...756..186S 2012ApJ...756..186S
Steffen et al. Paper VII. 2013MNRAS.428.1077S 2013MNRAS.428.1077S
Mazeh et al. Paper VIII. 2013ApJS..208...16M 2013ApJS..208...16M Cat. J/ApJS/208/16
Holczer et al. Paper IX. 2016ApJS..225....9H 2016ApJS..225....9H Cat. J/ApJS/225/9
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Oct-2013