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J/MNRAS/446/3461 6.7-GHz methanol masers-dust associations (Urquhart+, 2015)
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Beginning of ReadMe :J/MNRAS/446/3461 6.7-GHz methanol masers-dust associations (Urquhart+, 2015)
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The almost ubiquitous association of 6.7-GHz methanol masers with dust.
Urquhart J.S., Moore T.J.T., Menten K.M., Konig C., Wyrowski F.,
Thompson M.A., Csengeri T., Leurini S., Eden D.J.
<Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 446, 3461-3477 (2015)>
=2015MNRAS.446.3461U (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
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ADC_Keywords: Masers ; Molecular clouds ; Morphology
Keywords: stars: early-type - stars: formation - ISM: clouds - Galaxy: structure
Abstract:
We report the results of 870mum continuum observations, using the
Large APEX Bolometer Camera, towards 77 class-II, 6.7-GHz methanol
masers identified by the Methanol MultiBeam (MMB) survey to map the
thermal emission from cool dust towards these objects. These data
complement a study of 630 methanol masers associated with compact
dense clumps identified from the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of
the Galaxy (ATLASGAL) survey. Compact dust emission is detected
towards 70 sources, which implies a dust-association rate of 99 per
cent for the full MMB catalogue. Evaluation of the derived dust and
maser properties leads us to conclude that the combined sample
represents a single population tracing the same phenomenon. We find
median clump masses of a few 10^3^M_sun_ and that all but a handful
of sources satisfy the mass-size criterion required for massive star
formation. This study provides the strongest evidence of the almost
ubiquitous association of methanol masers with massive, star-forming
clumps. The fraction of methanol-maser associated clumps is a factor
of 2 lower in the outer Galaxy than the inner Galaxy, possibly a
result of the lower metallicity environment of the former. We find no
difference in the clump-mass and maser-luminosity distributions of the
inner and outer Galaxy. The maser-pumping and clump formation
mechanisms are therefore likely to be relatively invariant to Galactic
location. Finally, we use the ratio of maser luminosity and clump mass
to investigate the hypothesis that the maser luminosity is a good
indicator of the evolutionary stage of the embedded source, however,
we find no evidence to support this.
Description:
To complement the sample of inner Galaxy methanol-maser associated
clumps identified in Paper I (Urquhart et al., 2013MNRAS.431.1752U,
Cat. J/MNRAS/431/1752), we have made submillimetre-continuum
observations towards 77 MMB sources that either lie outside the region
covered by the ATLASGAL survey (i.e. 180deg<l<280deg or
|b|>1.5deg) or were not found to be associated with an ATLASGAL
source.