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J/ApJ/799/153 Yellowballs in Milky Way project (Kerton+, 2015)
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Beginning of ReadMe :J/ApJ/799/153 Yellowballs in Milky Way project (Kerton+, 2015)
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The Milky Way project: what are yellowballs?
Kerton C.R., Wolf-Chase G., Arvidsson K., Lintott C.J., Simpson R.J.
<Astrophys. J., 799, 153 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...799..153K
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ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Infrared sources
Keywords: ISM: bubbles - stars: formation - stars: massive -
stars: pre-main sequence - stars: protostars
Abstract:
Yellowballs are a collection of approximately 900 compact, infrared
sources identified and named by volunteers participating in the Milky
Way Project (MWP), a citizen science project that uses GLIMPSE/MIPSGAL
images from Spitzer to explore topics related to Galactic star
formation. In this paper, through a combination of catalog
cross-matching and infrared color analysis, we show that yellowballs
are a mix of compact star-forming regions, including ultra-compact and
compact HII regions, as well as analogous regions for less massive
B-type stars. The resulting MWP yellowball catalog provides a useful
complement to the Red MSX Source survey. It similarly highlights
regions of massive star formation, but the selection of objects purely
on the basis of their infrared morphology and color in Spitzer images
identifies a signature of compact star-forming regions shared across a
broad range of luminosities and, by inference, masses. We discuss the
origin of their striking mid-infrared appearance and suggest that
future studies of the yellowball sample will improve our understanding
of how massive and intermediate-mass star-forming regions transition
from compact to more extended bubble-like structures.
Description:
We use the spatial distribution of yellowballs, cross-matches with
existing catalogs of star formation tracers, and mid- and far-infrared
photometry to show that the yellowballs identified in the MWP are a
collection of objects tracing a compact, dense phase of massive (O and
B type) star formation. This includes a mix of compact and
ultra-compact HII regions as well as analogous regions for less
massive B stars.