/ftp/cats/aliases/K/./KWM2013



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J/ApJ/769/149    IR spectroscopy in Orion A: transitional disks    (Kim+, 2013)
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Beginning of ReadMe : J/ApJ/769/149 IR spectroscopy in Orion A: transitional disks (Kim+, 2013) ================================================================================ Transitional disks and their origins: an infrared spectroscopic survey of Orion A. Kim K.H., Watson D.M., Manoj P., Forrest W.J., Najita J., Furlan E., Sargent B., Espaillat C., Muzerolle J., Megeath S.T., Calvet N., Green J.D., Arnold L. <Astrophys. J., 769, 149 (2013)> =2013ApJ...769..149K ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Spectra, infrared ; YSOs ; Accretion ; Spectral types Keywords: accretion, accretion disks; infrared: stars; protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main sequence; X-rays: stars Abstract: Transitional disks are protoplanetary disks around young stars, with inner holes or gaps which are surrounded by optically thick outer, and often inner, disks. Here we present observations of 62 new transitional disks in the Orion A star-forming region. These were identified using the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Spectrograph and followed up with determinations of stellar and accretion parameters using the Infrared Telescope Facility's SpeX. We combine these new observations with our previous results on transitional disks in Taurus, Chamaeleon I, Ophiuchus, and Perseus, and with archival X-ray observations. This produces a sample of 105 transitional disks of "cluster" age 3Myr or less, by far the largest hitherto assembled. We use this sample to search for trends between the radial structure in the disks and many other system properties, in order to place constraints on the possible origins of transitional disks. We see a clear progression of host-star accretion rate and the different disk morphologies. We confirm that transitional disks with complete central clearings have median accretion rates an order of magnitude smaller than radially continuous disks of the same population. Pre-transitional disks--those objects with gaps that separate inner and outer disks--have median accretion rates intermediate between the two. Our results from the search for statistically significant trends, especially related to dM/dt, strongly support that in both cases the gaps are far more likely to be due to the gravitational influence of Jovian planets or brown dwarfs orbiting within the gaps, than to any of the photoevaporative, turbulent, or grain-growth processes that can lead to disk dissipation. We also find that the fraction of Class II YSOs which are transitional disks is large, 0.1-0.2, especially in the youngest associations. Description: We observed the Orion A star-forming region between 2006 November and 2007 October, during Spitzer/IRS campaigns 36, 39, 40, and 44. In all, our targets were 555 objects selected on the basis of their Spitzer/IRAC and MIPS colors to belong to YSO Classes 0, I, flat-spectrum, and II. We observed 241 objects (114 in L1641; 127 in ONC) with the IRS with full IRS wavelength coverage of 5-37um in the low-resolution mode. The IRS spectra of the 62 transitional disks (TDs) were selected from among the 241 objects which were observed with the IRS low-resolution modules (lambda/Deltalambda 90; short-low (SL): 5.3-14um; long-low (LL): 14-38um) Out of 62 transitional objects in Orion A, 52 were observed at near-IR (0.8-2.4um) wavelengths with the medium resolution spectrograph SpeX, on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea during the 2010A, 2011A, and 2011B semesters.