J/ApJS/254/7 Kepler light curves of Jovian Trojan asteroids (Kalup+, 2021)
101 Trojans: a tale of period bimodality, binaries, and extremely slow rotators
from K2 photometry.
Kalup C.E., Molnar L., Kiss C., Szabo G.M., Pal A., Szakats R.,
Sarneczky K., Vinko J., Szabo R., Kecskemethy V., Kiss L.L.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 254, 7-7 (2021)>
=2021ApJS..254....7K 2021ApJS..254....7K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Minor planets; Photometry; Optical
Keywords: Photometry; Trojan asteroids; Jupiter Trojans
Abstract:
Various properties of Jovian Trojan asteroids such as composition,
rotation periods, and photometric amplitudes, or the rate of binarity
in the population, can provide information and constraints on the
evolution of the group and of the solar system itself. Here we present
new photometric properties of 45 Jovian Trojans from the K2 mission of
the Kepler space telescope, and present phase-folded light curves for
44 targets, including (11351) Leucus, one of the targets of the Lucy
mission. We extend our sample to 101 asteroids with previous K2 Trojan
measurements, then compare their combined amplitude and frequency
distributions to other ground-based and space data. We show that there
is a dichotomy in the periods of Trojans with a separation at ∼100hr.
We find that 25% of the sample are slow rotators (P≥30hr), an excess
that can be attributed to binary objects. We also show that 32 systems
can be classified as potential detached binary systems. Finally, we
calculate density and rotation constraints for the asteroids. Both the
spin barrier and fits to strengthless ellipsoid models indicate low
densities and thus compositions similar to populations of comets and
trans-Neptunian objects throughout the sample. This supports the
scenario of outer solar system origin for Jovian Trojans.
Description:
In this paper, we present light curves and photometric properties of
45 Jovian Trojan asteroids, observed by Kepler during K2 Campaigns
11-19, between 2016 October 21.27 and 2018 September 23.10, in
long-cadence mode (29.41 minutes sampling period).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 106 23736 Photometry of Trojan asteroids observed in
Campaigns 11 to 19 K2 mission;
version updated by the author
table3.dat 52 46 Observation data and duty cycles
table4.dat 56 46 Rotation periods and amplitudes
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See also:
I/284 : The USNO-B1.0 Catalog (Monet+ 2003)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
J/AJ/127/3023 : R magnitudes of Kuiper Belt object 2001QG298 (Sheppard+, 2004)
J/A+A/522/A93 : Short-term variability of 29 minor planets (Thirouin+, 2010)
J/ApJ/742/40 : Jovian Trojans asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE (Grav+, 2011)
J/AJ/151/117 : R photometry of (225088) 2007 OR10 (Pal+, 2016)
J/A+A/596/A40 : Main-belt asteroids optical light curves (Szabo+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/116 : Trojan asteroids in the Kepler campaign 6 field (Ryan+, 2017)
J/ApJS/234/37 : R-band K2 photometry of main-belt asteroids (Molnar+, 2018)
J/A+A/625/A139 : Thermal properties of slow asteroids (Marciniak+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 I6 --- ID [1871/316484] Asteroid identifier (1)
8- 21 F14.6 d JD Julian Date of observation; UTC
23- 29 F7.4 mag Kpmag [17.12/22.37] Apparent Kepler magnitude
31- 39 F9.5 mag e_Kpmag [0.003/676] Uncertainty in magnitude
41- 49 F9.5 deg RAdeg [0/354.4] Right Ascension (J2000)
51- 59 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-31.14/23.64] Declination (J2000)
61- 69 F9.5 deg ELON [0/343.5] Heliocentric ecliptic longitude, λ
71- 78 F8.5 deg ELAT [-7.2/6.4] Heliocentric ecliptic latitude, β
80- 87 F8.6 AU delta [0/6.15] Observer-target range, Δ
89- 97 F9.5 deg SOT [0/146] Solar elongation
99-106 F8.5 deg STO [0/15.81] Phase angle
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Note (1): ID 77981 was a misprint for 77891; corrected at CDS.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 I6 --- ID [1871/316484] Asteroid identifier
8- 17 A10 --- Name Name or preliminary designation
19- 26 F8.3 d Start [7659.5/8370.31] Start date; JD-2450000
28- 35 F8.3 d End [7669.7/8385] End date; JD-2450000
37- 41 F5.2 d Int [2.5/21.3] Length of observations
43- 46 I4 --- Np [122/1022] Number of points
48- 52 F5.3 --- Cycle [0.4/0.99] Duty cycle
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 I6 --- ID [1871/316484] Asteroid identifier
8- 17 A10 --- Name Name or preliminary designation
18 A1 --- n_Name [*] *: 2001 SC101 is observed in two Campaigns,
C16 and C18
20- 27 F8.4 h Per [5.12/445.73]? Period
29- 35 F7.4 h e_Per [0.0004/15.8]? Period uncertainty
37 A1 --- l_Amp Limit flag on Amp
39- 43 F5.3 mag Amp [0.05/0.964] Amplitude
45- 49 F5.3 mag e_Amp [0.003/0.23]? Amplitude uncertainty
51- 52 A2 --- Node Lagrange node
54- 56 A3 --- Camp Campaign number
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Acknowledgements:
Csilla Kalup [kalup.csilla at csfk.org]
History:
From electronic version of the journal
* Data for 316484 in Table 1 added by the author.
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 05-Jul-2021