J/ApJ/921/130 Local analogs to high-redshift galaxies. I. (Motino Flores+, 2021)
Local analogs to high-redshift galaxies.
I. Characterization of dust emission and star formation history.
Motino Flores S.M., Wiklind T., Eufrasio R.T.
<Astrophys. J., 921, 130 (2021)>
=2021ApJ...921..130M 2021ApJ...921..130M
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, IR; Photometry, infrared; Interstellar medium; Redshifts
Keywords: Blue compact dwarf galaxies ; Star formation ;
Dust continuum emission ; Interstellar medium
Abstract:
Star-forming dwarf galaxies have properties similar to those expected
in high- redshift galaxies. Hence, these local galaxies may provide
insights into the evolution of the first galaxies and the physical
processes at work. We present a sample of 11 potential local analogs
to high-z (LAHz) galaxies. The sample consists of blue compact dwarf
galaxies, selected to have spectral energy distributions that fit
galaxies at 1.5<z<4. We use SOFIA-HAWC+ observations combined with
optical and near-infrared data to characterize the dust properties,
star formation rate (SFR), and star formation histories (SFHs) of the
sample of LAHz galaxies. We employ Bayesian analysis to characterize
the dust using two-component blackbody models. Using the Lightning
package, we fit the spectral energy distribution of the LAHz galaxies
over the far-UV-far-infrared wavelength range and derive the SFH in
five time steps up to a look-back time of 13.3Gyr. Of the 11 LAHz
candidates, six galaxies have SFH consistent with no star formation
activity at look-back times beyond 1Gyr. The remaining galaxies show
residual levels of star formation at ages ≳1Gyr, making them less
suitable as local analogs. The six young galaxies stand out in our
sample by having the lowest gas-phase metallicities. They are
characterized by warmer dust, having the highest specific SFR and the
highest gas mass fractions. The young age of these six galaxies
suggests that merging is less important as a driver of the star
formation activity. The six LAHz candidates are promising candidates
for studies of the gasdynamics role in driving star formation.
Description:
In order to characterize the 11 nearby galaxies that make up our
sample of potential local analogs, we compile broadband photometric
data, covering UV to FIR. We supplement the existing UV-NIR
photometric data from Brown+ (2014, J/ApJS/212/18) with FIR
observations of five galaxies in our sample using the Stratospheric
Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). We combined these with
archived infrared data from Herschel, Spitzer, AKARI, and WISE.
See Section 2.
SOFIA is a partnership between NASA and the German Aerospace Center
(DLR), consisting of an extensively modified Boeing 747SP aircraft
carrying a 2.7m (106-inch) reflecting telescope (with an effective
diameter of 2.5m, or 100 inches). We were granted ∼8hr of observing
time with SOFIA, on Cycle 6 under the program 06-0222 (PI: T. Wiklind).
We observed five galaxies of our sample, using the High-resolution
Airborne Wideband Camera-plus instrument (HAWC+). The HAWC+ instrument
has five bands identified as A, B, C, D, and E. We observed in bands
A, C, D, and E at 53, 89, 154, and 214um, which have beam sizes
(FWHM) of 4.85", 7.80", 13.6", and 18.2" respectively.
See Section 3.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 75 11 Properties of the local analogs
table4.dat 376 11 NIR-FIR photometric data
table6.dat 73 11 *Modified Blackbody derived quantities
table7.dat 87 11 *LIGHTNING-derived quantities
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Note on table6.dat and table7.dat:
The Blackbody modeling is described in Section 4.1.
We also performed SED fitting using LIGHTNING (Eufrasio+ 2017ApJ...851...10E 2017ApJ...851...10E,
ASCL:1711.009), which fits nonparametric SFHs in discrete, fixed-width,
stellar age bins. See Section 4.2.
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See also:
VII/238 : HYPERLEDA. II. Homogenized HI data (Paturel+, 2003)
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
J/ApJS/161/240 : Ionization emission in metal-deficient BCDs (Thuan+, 2005)
J/ApJS/164/81 : Spectrophotometry of nearby galaxies (Moustakas+, 2006)
J/ApJS/173/441 : UV-Luminous galaxies discovered by GALEX (Hoopes+, 2007)
J/ApJS/206/10 : CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Galametz+, 2013)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJS/212/18 : An atlas of UV-to-MIR galaxy SEDs (Brown+, 2014)
J/A+A/561/A49 : 867um image of SBS 0335-052 with ALMA (Hunt+, 2014)
J/ApJ/801/97 : GOODS-S & UDS stellar mass cat. from CANDELS (Santini+, 2015)
J/A+A/595/A118 : NIBLES. I. The Nancay HI survey (van Driel+, 2016)
J/ApJS/229/32 : CANDELS: multiwavelength catalogs in the EGS (Stefanon+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/171 : Lyα profile in 43 Green Pea galaxies (Yang+, 2017)
J/ApJS/245/25 : WISE Extended Source Catalog (WXSC). I. (Jarrett+, 2019)
J/A+A/643/A4 : ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. IR luminosity (Fudamoto+, 2020)
J/ApJ/888/36 : SDSS/FIRST dwarf gal. with VLA high res. obs. (Reines+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [0/10]? Running sequence number, as in Table 4
4- 11 A8 --- Name Galaxy name
13- 14 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
16- 17 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
19- 22 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
24 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
34- 37 F4.1 Mpc Dist [8.6/77.5] Distance
39- 42 F4.2 [Msun] logMstar [6.95/9.38] log of stellar mass; this work
44- 47 F4.2 [Msun] logMHI [6.62/9.51] log of HI mass (1)
49- 52 F4.2 Msun fgas [0.17/0.96] Gas fraction (defined as
fgas=Mgas/(Mgas+Mstar))
54- 57 F4.2 --- Metal [7.78/8.45] Metallicity, 12+log(O/H) (2)
59- 75 A17 --- AName Alternative name
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Note (1): HI data from Paturel+ (2003, VII/238), except for Mrk 1450
(van Driel+ 2016, J/A+A/595/A118) and
Haro 02 (Bravo-Alfaro+ 2004AJ....127..264B 2004AJ....127..264B).
Note (2): Metal abundances:
UM 461 and UM 462 = Campos-Aguilar+ 1993AJ....106.1784C 1993AJ....106.1784C
Haro 02 = Davidge 1989PASP..101..494D 1989PASP..101..494D
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [0/10]? Internal index number
4- 10 A7 --- Name Galaxy identifier
12- 18 F7.5 --- z [0.0014/0.019] Spectroscopic redshift
20- 24 F5.2 Mpc Dist [8.6/77.5] Distance
26- 32 F7.5 Jy F12 [0.0014/0.17]? WISE W3 (12um) band flux density
34- 40 F7.5 Jy e_F12 [0.00016/0.02]? Uncertainty in F12
42- 48 F7.5 Jy F16 [0.0026/0.034]? Spitzer/IRS 16 micron flux density
50- 56 F7.5 Jy e_F16 [0.00029/0.004]? Uncertainty in F16
58- 64 F7.5 Jy F22.1 [0.009/0.85]? WISE W4 (22.1um) band flux density
66- 72 F7.5 Jy e_F22.1 [0.001/0.1]? Uncertainty in F22.1
74- 80 F7.5 Jy F22 [0.04/0.14]? Spitzer/IRS 22 micron flux density
82- 88 F7.5 Jy e_F22 [0.0049/0.009]? Uncertainty in F22
90- 96 F7.5 Jy F24 [0.01/0.9]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um band flux density
98- 104 F7.5 Jy e_F24 [0.0014/0.12]? Uncertainty in F24
106- 112 F7.5 Jy F53 [0.27/1.5]? SOFIA/HAWC A-band (53um) flux density
114- 120 F7.5 Jy e_F53 [0.04/0.3]? Uncertainty in F53
122- 128 F7.5 Jy F60 [0.27/4.7]? IRAS 60 micron band flux density
130- 136 F7.5 Jy e_F60 [0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in F60
138- 144 F7.5 Jy F65 [0.45]? AKARI/FIS N60 (65um) band flux density
146- 152 F7.5 Jy e_F65 [0.04826]? Uncertainty in F65
154- 160 F7.5 Jy FM70 [0.1/4.04]? Spitzer/MIPS 70um band flux density
162- 168 F7.5 Jy e_FM70 [0.015/0.3]? Uncertainty in FM70
170- 176 F7.5 Jy FP70 [0.17/4.8]? Herschel/PACS 70um band flux density
178- 184 F7.5 Jy e_FP70 [0.014/0.3]? Uncertainty in FP70
186- 192 F7.5 Jy F89 [0.3/5]? SOFIA/HAWC C-band (89um) flux density
194- 200 F7.5 Jy e_F89 [0.047/1]? Uncertainty in F89
202- 208 F7.5 Jy F90 [0.43]? AKARI/FIS WIDE-S (90um) band flux density
210- 216 F7.5 Jy e_F90 [0.0476]? Uncertainty in F90
218- 224 F7.5 Jy FP100 [0.13/5.1]? Herschel/PACS 100um band flux density
226- 232 F7.5 Jy e_FP100 [0.012/0.3]? Uncertainty FP100
234- 240 F7.5 Jy FI100 [0.89/6.4]? IRAS 100 micron band flux density
242- 248 F7.5 Jy e_FI100 [0.16/0.7]? Uncertainty FI100
250- 256 F7.5 Jy F140 [0.21]? AKARI/FIS WIDE-L (140um) band flux density
258- 264 F7.5 Jy e_F140 [0.06131]? Uncertainty in F140
266- 272 F7.5 Jy F154 [0.16/6.4]? SOFIA/HAWC D-band (154um) flux density
274- 280 F7.5 Jy e_F154 [0.027/1.1]? Uncertainty in F154
282- 288 F7.5 Jy FP160 [0.097/3.8]? Herschel/PACS 160um band flux density
290- 296 F7.5 Jy e_FP160 [0.0099/0.2]? Uncertainty FP160
298- 304 F7.5 Jy FM160 [0.04/5.7]? Spitzer/MIPS 160um band flux density
306- 312 F7.5 Jy e_FM160 [0.014/1]? Uncertainty FM160
314- 320 F7.5 Jy F214 [0.05/2.5]? SOFIA/HAWC E-band (214um) flux density
322- 328 F7.5 Jy e_F214 [0.017/0.5]? Uncertainty in F214
330- 336 F7.5 Jy F250 [0.023/1]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um band flux density
338- 344 F7.5 Jy e_F250 [0.007/0.14]? Uncertainty in F250
346- 352 F7.5 Jy F350 [0.01/0.4]? Herschel/SPIRE 350um band flux density
354- 360 F7.5 Jy e_F350 [0.006/0.06]? Uncertainty in F350
362- 368 F7.5 Jy F500 [0.01/0.2]? Herschel/SPIRE 500um band flux density
370- 376 F7.5 Jy e_F500 [0.004/0.03]? Uncertainty in F500
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [0/10]? Running sequence number, as in Table 4
4- 11 A8 --- Name Galaxy name
13- 17 F5.1 K Td-warm [79/162] Dust temperature, warm
19- 20 I2 K e_Td-warm [2/51] Lower uncertainty on Td-warm
22- 23 I2 K E_Td-warm [1/70] Upper uncertainty on Td-warm
25- 28 F4.1 K Td-cold [31/58] Dust temperature, cold
30- 32 F3.1 K e_Td-cold [1.5/8.6] Lower uncertainty on Td-cold
34- 36 F3.1 K E_Td-cold [0.4/5.8] Upper uncertainty on Td-cold
38- 41 F4.2 --- S24/S160 [0.06/0.71] S24 to S160 flux ratio (3)
43- 48 E6.3 Msun Md [1960/2.2e+6] Dust mass
50- 54 E5.2 Msun e_Md [700/300000] Lower uncertainty on Md
56- 60 E5.2 Msun E_Md [900/700000] Upper uncertainty on Md
62- 67 F6.3 10+9Lsun LFIR [0.024/16.225] FIR luminosity, from Blackbody
69- 73 F5.3 10+9Lsun e_LFIR [0.003/1.313] LFIR uncertainty
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Note (3): The flux ratio S24um/S160um is derived from the modified blackbody
best-fit model.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [0/10]? Running sequence number, as in Table 4
4- 11 A8 --- Name Main name of the source
13- 18 F6.2 10+4Msun Mdust [0.17/207] Dust mass, from LIGHTNING
20- 24 F5.2 10+4Msun e_Mdust [0.04/66] Mdust uncertainty
26- 31 F6.3 10+9Lsun LFIRl [0.028/19.1] FIR luminosity, from LIGHTNING
33- 37 F5.3 10+9Lsun e_LFIRl [0.002/0.7] Lower uncertainty on LFIRl
39- 43 F5.3 10+9Lsun E_LFIRl [0.002/0.7] Upper uncertainty on LFIRl
45- 49 F5.2 10+8Msun Ms [0.09/24.2] Stellar mass, from LIGHTNING
51- 54 F4.2 10+8Msun e_Ms [0.01/2.2] Lower uncertainty on Ms
56- 59 F4.2 10+8Msun E_Ms [0.01/2.2] Upper uncertainty on Ms
61- 65 F5.3 Msun/yr SFR [0.003/3.6] Star formation rate (4)
67- 71 F5.3 Msun/yr e_SFR [0.001/0.4] Lower uncertainty on SFR
73- 77 F5.3 Msun/yr E_SFR [0.002/0.4] Upper uncertainty on SFR
79- 82 F4.2 Gyr-1 sSFR [0.08/4.71] Specific star formation rate
84- 87 F4.2 Gyr-1 e_sSFR [0.03/0.87] sSFR uncertainty
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Note (4): The SFR averaged over the last 100Myr.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Feb-2023