J/A+A/666/A59 GLOSTAR GPS. 6.7GHz Methanol Maser Catalogue (Nguyen+, 2022)
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic Plane Survey.
V. 6.7 GHz methanol maser catalogue.
Nguyen H., Rugel M.R., Murugeshan C., Menten K.M., Brunthaler A.,
Urquhart J.S., Dokara R., Dzib S.A., Gong Y., Khan S., Medina S-N.X.,
Ortiz-Leon G.N., Reich W., Wyrowski F., Yang A.Y., Beuther H., Cotton W.D.,
Pandian J.D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 666, A59 (2022)>
=2022A&A...666A..59N 2022A&A...666A..59N (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Surveys ; Masers ; Radio sources ; Stars, distances
Keywords: masers - surveys - ISM: molecules - radio continuum: ISM -
radio lines: ISM - stars: formation
Abstract:
Class II methanol (CH3OH) masers are amongst the clearest signposts
of recent high-mass star formation (HMSF). A complete catalogue
outlines the distribution of star formation in the Galaxy, the number
of young star-forming cores, and the physical conditions of their
environment, made possible by the Global View on Star Formation
(GLOSTAR) survey. This blind survey of the radio regime of 4-8GHz maps
the Galactic mid-plane in the radio continuum, 6.7GHz methanol line,
the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde line, and several radio recombination lines.
We present an analysis of the observations of the 6.7GHz CH3OH maser
transition using data from the D-configuration of the Very Large Array
(VLA). We analysed data covering Galactic longitudes from
-2°<l<60° and Galactic latitudes of |b|<1°. We detected a
total of 554 methanol masers, out of which 84 are new, and we
catalogued their positions, velocity components, and integrated
fluxes. With a typical noise level of ∼18mJy/beam, this is the most
sensitive unbiased methanol survey for methanol masers to date. We
also searched for dust continuum and radio continuum associations,
finding that 97% of the sources are associated with dust and 12% are
associated with radio continuum emission.
Description:
The GLOSTAR survey (Medina et al. 2019A&A...627A.175M 2019A&A...627A.175M, Cat.
J/A+A/627/A175; Brunthaler et al., 2021A&A...651A..85B 2021A&A...651A..85B) is an on-going
survey with the VLA and the Eelsberg 100m telescope between 4-8GHz of
the Galactic mid-plane from -2°<l<60° and |b|<1° and the
Cygnus X starforming complex. The VLA observations used in this work
were conducted in D-configuration with a typical angular resolution of
18" at 6.7GHz. Using methanol, formaldehyde, and radio recombination
lines as well as radio continuum data, the survey aims to detect
various tracers of different stages of early star formation in order
to gain information on the start of the stellar evolution process of
massive stars. The full details can be found in Brunthaler et al.
(2021A&A...651A..85B 2021A&A...651A..85B). The observations used in this work were carried
out using 300 hours during the time period from December 2011 until
April 2017.
We have detected a total of 554 CH3OH maser emission and 6 cases of
methanol absorption in the range of GLOSTAR survey coverage
(-2°<l< 60° |b|≤1°; see Ortiz-Leon et al.
(2021A&A...651A..87O 2021A&A...651A..87O) for the 13 masers found in the Cygnus X region.
Only the VLA D-configuration results are shown here.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
catalog.dat 119 2904 VLA D-configuration 6.7GHz methanol maser
properties (table 2)
table3.dat 63 566 VLA D-configuration 6.7GHz methanol maser
luminosities
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See also:
VIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue (Caswell+, 2010-12)
Byte-by-byte Description of file:catalog.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Name Source name (GLLL.LLLL+B.BBBB)
18- 19 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
24- 30 F7.4 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
32 A1 --- DE- Declination sign
33- 34 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
36- 37 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
39- 44 F6.3 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
46- 51 F6.2 arcsec oRA Offset in right ascension from
the main maser spot
53- 58 F6.2 arcsec oDE Offset in declination from
the main maser spot
60- 66 F7.2 km/s Vlsr Peak velocity of the source, defined by
velocity component with the greatest
intensity
68- 74 F7.2 Jy/beam Svp Peak flux at 6.7GHz at the given velocity
76- 82 F7.2 Jy/beam e_Svp Peak flux error
84- 90 F7.2 Jy Svint Integrated flux at 6.7GHz at the given
velocity
92- 97 F6.2 Jy e_Svint ?=- Integrated flux error
99-103 A5 --- Notes Reference to other catalogues (1)
105-119 A15 --- OName Source common name
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Note (1): Flags as follows
NEW = Newly detected maser spot
MMB = Methanol Multibeam catalogue
(Cat. VIII/96 and Breen et al., 2015MNRAS.450.4109B 2015MNRAS.450.4109B)
YAN19 = Yang et al. (2019ApJS..241...18Y 2019ApJS..241...18Y, Cat. J/ApJS/241/18)
HU16 = Hu et al. (2016ApJ...833...18H 2016ApJ...833...18H, Cat. J/ApJ/833/18)
P07 = Pandian et al. (2007ApJ...656..255P 2007ApJ...656..255P, Cat. J/ApJ/656/255)
S12 = Szymczak et al. (2012AN....333..634S 2012AN....333..634S, Cat. J/AN/333/634)
O14 = Olmi et al. (2014A&A...566A..18O 2014A&A...566A..18O)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Name Source name (GLLL.LLLL+B.BBBB)
18- 22 F5.2 km/s Vd Total velocity extent of maser emission
above the local 4σ level
24- 28 F5.2 kpc Dist Assigned heliocentric distance used
30- 34 F5.2 kpc e_Dist ? Distance error
36 A1 --- Note [ABC] Flag on the origin of the
distance value (1)
38- 46 F9.2 Jy.km/s Sint ? Maser integrated flux at 6.7GHz over all
velocities with emission above 4σ
48- 54 F7.2 Jy.km/s e_Sint ? Maser integrated flux at 6.7GHz error
56- 63 E8.3 Lsun Lmaser Maser luminosity calculated from the
distance and maser integrated flux
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Note (1): Flags as follows
A = Using associated ATLASGAL CSC source velocity from Urquhart et al.
(2022MNRAS.510.3389U 2022MNRAS.510.3389U, Cat. J/MNRAS/510/3389)
B = Bayesian distance estimator from Reid et al.
(2019ApJ...885..131R 2019ApJ...885..131R, Cat. J/ApJ/885/131)
C = Average distance of the Cygnus X complex measured from trigonometric
parallaxes of several maser sources (Rygl et al. 2012A&A...539A..79R 2012A&A...539A..79R;
see also Dzib et al. 2013ApJ...763..139D 2013ApJ...763..139D)
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Acknowledgements:
Hans Nguyen, hans.nguyen369(at)gmail.com
References:
The 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue:
Caswell et al., Paper I 2010MNRAS.404.1029C 2010MNRAS.404.1029C, Cat. VIII/96
(Galactic centre and l=345-6)
Green et al., Paper II 2010MNRAS.409..913G 2010MNRAS.409..913G, Cat. VIII/96
(l=6-20)
Caswell et al., Paper III 2011MNRAS.417.1964C 2011MNRAS.417.1964C, Cat. VIII/96
(l=330-345)
Green et al., Paper IV 2012MNRAS.420.3108G 2012MNRAS.420.3108G, Cat. VIII/96
(l=186-330)
Breen et al., Paper V 2015MNRAS.450.4109B 2015MNRAS.450.4109B (l=20-60)
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey:
Brunthaler et al., Paper I 2021A&A...651A..85B 2021A&A...651A..85B
Dokara et al., Paper II 2021A&A...651A..86D 2021A&A...651A..86D
Ortiz-Leon et al., Paper III 2021A&A...651A..87O 2021A&A...651A..87O
Nguyen et al., Paper IV 2021A&A...651A..88N 2021A&A...651A..88N
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 26-Aug-2022