J/A+A/666/A118 KELT-9b light curves (Jones+, 2022)
The stable climate of KELT-9b.
Jones K., Morris B.M., Demory B.-O., Heng K., Hooton M.J., Billot N.,
Ehrenreich D., Hoyer S., Simon A.E., Lendl M., Demangeon O.D.S., Sousa S.G.,
Bonfanti A., Wilson T.G., Salmon S., Csizmadia Sz., Parviainen H., Bruno G.,
Alibert Y., Alonso R., Anglada G., Barczy T., Barrado D., Barros S.C.C.,
Baumjohann W., Beck M., Beck T., Benz W., Bonfils X., Brandeker A.,
Broeg C., Cabrera J., Charnoz S., Collier Cameron A., Davies M.B.,
Deleuil M., Deline A., Delrez L., Erikson A., Fortier A., Fossati L.,
Fridlund M., Gandolfi D., Gillon M., Guedel M., Isaak K.G., Kiss L.L.,
Laskar J., Lecavelier des Etangs A., Lovis C., Magrin D., Maxted P.F.L.,
Nascimbeni V., Olofsson G., Ottensamer R., Pagano I., Palle E., Peter G.,
Piotto G., Pollacco D., Queloz D., Ragazzoni R., Rando N., Ratti F.,
Rauer H., Reimers C., Ribas I., Santos N.C., Scandariato G., Segransan D.,
Smith A.M.S., Steller M., Szabo Gy.M., Thomas N., Udry S., Van Grootel V.,
Walter I., Walton N.A., Wang Jungo W.
<Astron. Astrophys. 666, A118 (2022)>
=2022A&A...666A.118J 2022A&A...666A.118J (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Photometry
Keywords: techniques: photometric - instrumentation: photometers -
planets and satellites: atmospheres -
planets and satellites: gaseous planets - eclipses - occultations
Abstract:
Even among the most irradiated gas giants, so-called ultra-hot
Jupiters, KELT-9b stands out as the hottest planet thus far discovered
with a dayside temperature of over 4500K. At these extreme
irradiation levels, we expect an increase in heat redistribution
efficiency and a low Bond albedo owed to an extended atmosphere with
molecular hydrogen dissociation occurring on the planetary dayside. We
present new photometric observations of the KELT-9 system throughout 4
full orbits and 9 separate occultations obtained by the 30cm space
telescope CHEOPS. The CHEOPS bandpass, located at optical wavelengths,
captures the peak of the thermal emission spectrum of KELT-9b. In this
work we simultaneously analyse CHEOPS phase curves along with public
phase curves from TESS and Spitzer to infer joint constraints on the
phase curve variation, gravity-darkened transits, and occultation
depth in three bandpasses, as well as derive 2D temperature maps of
the atmosphere at three different depths. We find a day-night heat
redistribution efficiency of ∼0.3 which confirms expectations of
enhanced energy transfer to the planetary nightside due to
dissociation and recombination of molecular hydrogen. We also
calculate a Bond albedo consistent with zero. We find no evidence of
variability of the brightness temperature of the planet, excluding
variability greater than 1% (1σ).
Description:
We present 4 new photometric phase curves observed by CHEOPS, along
with previously published phase curves from TESS and Spitzer. We also
present 9 occultation-only observations from CHEOPS.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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20 31 26.38 +39 56 20.10 KELT-9 = HD 195689
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
occ0-df.dat 160 355 2020-07-25 07:15/2020-07-25 14:05 CHEOPS occultation
occ1-df.dat 160 364 2020-08-04 16:02/2020-08-04 21:52 CHEOPS occultation
occ2-df.dat 160 398 2020-08-17 23:54/2020-08-18 05:49 CHEOPS occultation
occ3-df.dat 160 378 2020-08-20 23:28/2020-08-21 05:57 CHEOPS occultation
occ4-df.dat 160 385 2020-08-23 23:20/2020-08-24 05:21 CHEOPS occultation
occ5-df.dat 160 374 2020-08-28 10:32/2020-08-28 16:30 CHEOPS occultation
occ6-df.dat 160 374 2020-09-03 08:19/2020-09-03 14:17 CHEOPS occultation
occ7-df.dat 160 285 2020-09-13 16:15/2020-09-13 22:44 CHEOPS occultation
occ8-df.dat 160 372 2021-07-24 15:45/2021-07-24 21:37 CHEOPS occultation
occ9-df.dat 160 416 2020-09-01 18:26/2020-09-02 02:00 CHEOPS occultation
occ10-df.dat 160 387 2020-09-10 03:31/2020-09-12 14:11 CHEOPS occultation
occ11-df.dat 160 371 2020-09-12 05:02/2020-09-12 10:55 CHEOPS occultation
occ12-df.dat 160 584 2021-08-01 00:13/2021-08-01 09:30 CHEOPS occultation
occ13-df.dat 160 484 2021-08-23 06:23/2021-08-23 14:00 CHEOPS occultation
cheopsdf.dat 165 12078 Cheops photometric phase curves
tess-df.dat 78 25962 TESS previously published phase curves
spit-df.dat 78 5723 Spitzer previously published phase curves
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: occ*-df.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 F18.10 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
20- 42 F23.18 ppm Flux Normalised flux
44- 65 F22.19 --- sin(RollAngle) sine of spacecraft roll angle
67- 90 F24.19 --- cos(RollAngle) cosine of spacecraft roll angle
92-110 F19.15 K T Thermfront2 temperature sensor
112-129 F18.11 e-/s/pix Bckg Background
131-137 F7.3 ppm e_Flux Flux error
139-160 F22.17 ppm Mod Best fit model
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: cheopsdf.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 F18.10 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
20- 37 F18.16 --- Flux Normalised flux
39- 60 F22.19 --- sin(RollAngle) sine of spacecraft roll angle
62- 84 E23.15 --- cos(RollAngle) cosine of spacecraft roll angle
86-104 F19.15 K T Thermfront2 temperature sensor
106-123 F18.11 e-/s/pix Bckg Background
125-146 F22.20 ppm e_Flux Flux error
148-165 F18.16 ppm Mod Best fit model
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tess-df.dat spit-df.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 F18.10 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
20- 37 F18.16 --- Flux Normalised flux
39- 59 F21.19 --- e_Flux Flux error
61- 78 F18.16 --- Mod Best fit model
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Acknowledgements:
Kathryn D. Jones, kathryn.jones(at)unibe.ch
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 02-Sep-2022