J/A+A/660/A88 Abundances of Local Group globular clusters (Larsen+, 2022)
The chemical composition of globular clusters in the Local Group.
Larsen S.S., Eitner P., Magg E., Bergemann M., Moltzer C.A.S., Brodie J.P.,
Romanowsky A.J., Strader J.
<Astron. Astrophys. 660, A88 (2022)>
=2022A&A...660A..88L 2022A&A...660A..88L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular ; Abundances ; Abundances, [Fe/H] ;
Spectroscopy ; Optical
Keywords: galaxies: star clusters - galaxies: abundances - galaxies: evolution -
stars: abundances - techniques: spectroscopic
Abstract:
We present detailed abundance measurements for 45 globular clusters
(GCs) in galaxies in (and, in one case, beyond) the Local Group. The
measurements are based on new high-resolution integrated-light spectra
of GCs in NGC 185, NGC 205, M31, M33, and NGC 2403, combined with
reanalysis of previous observations of GCs in the Fornax dSph, WLM,
NGC 147, NGC 6822, and the Milky Way. The GCs cover the range
-2.8<[Fe/H]←0.1 and we determined abundances for Fe, Na, Mg, Si, Ca,
Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, and Eu. Corrections for non local
thermodynamic equilibrium effects are included for Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn,
Fe, Ni, and Ba. For several of the galaxies, our measurements provide
the first quantitative constraints on the detailed composition of
their metal-poor stellar populations. Overall, the GCs in different
galaxies exhibit remarkably uniform abundance patterns of the alpha-,
iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements, with a dispersion of less
than 0.1dex in [alpha/Fe] for the full sample. There is a hint that
GCs in dwarf galaxies are slightly less alpha-enhanced (by about 0.04
dex on average) than those in larger galaxies. One GC in M33 (HM33-B)
resembles the most metal-rich GCs in the Fornax dSph (Fornax 4) and
NGC 6822 (SC7) by having alpha-element abundances closer to
scaled-solar values, possibly hinting at an accretion origin. We find
that the alpha-element abundances strongly correlate with those of Na,
Sc, Ni, and Zn. Several GCs with [Fe/H]←1.5 are deficient in Mg
compared to other alpha-elements. We find no GCs with strongly
enhanced r-process abundances as reported for metal-poor stars in some
ultra-faint dwarfs and the Magellanic Clouds. The similarity of the
abundance patterns for metal-poor GCs in different environments points
to similar early enrichment histories and only allow for minor
variations in the initial mass function.
Description:
These tables contain integrated-light abundance measurements for 45
globular clusters in the Local Group. The average NLTE-corrected
abundances are given for two sets of isochrones, DSEP and BaSTI. The
raw measurements based on DSEP isochrones are also listed, along with
measurements for the Sun and Arcturus. All abundance measurements are
given relative to the solar abundance scale of Grevesse & Sauval,
1998, Space Sci. Rev. 85, 161.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
sources.dat 64 47 List of studied clusters + Arcturus and the Sun
(with data in tablef1.dat)
tableb1.dat 20 129 Spectral window definitions
tablec1.dat 145 45 Mean DSEP NLTE abundances: Fe, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti
tablec2.dat 101 45 Mean DSEP NLTE abundances: Sc, Cr, Mn, Ni
tablec3.dat 123 45 Mean DSEP NLTE abundances: Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, Eu
tabled1.dat 145 45 Mean DSEP LTE abundances: Fe, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti
tabled2.dat 101 45 Mean DSEP LTE abundances: Sc, Cr, Mn, Ni
tabled3.dat 123 45 Mean DSEP LTE abundances: Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, Eu
tablee1.dat 145 45 Mean BaSTI NLTE abundances: Fe, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti
tablee3.dat 123 45 Mean BaSTI NLTE abundances: Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, Eu
tablee2.dat 101 45 Mean BaSTI NLTE abundances: Sc, Cr, Mn, Ni
tablef1.dat 58 5685 Individual abundance measurements (DSEP)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: sources.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID Source ID
15- 16 I2 h RAh ? Right ascension (J2000)
18- 19 I2 min RAm ? Right ascension (J2000)
21- 25 F5.2 s RAs ? Right ascension (J2000)
28 A1 --- DE- ? Declination sign (J2000)
29- 30 I2 deg DEd ? Declination (J2000)
32- 33 I2 arcmin DEm ? Declination (J2000)
35- 38 F4.1 arcsec DEs ? Declination (J2000)
40- 64 A25 --- SName Simbad Name
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- Elem Element
4- 9 F6.1 0.1nm lam-min Blue edge of window in Angstrom
11- 16 F6.1 0.1nm lam-max Red edge of window in Angstrom
18- 20 A3 --- Comment Comment (1)
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Note (1): DIB entry in Comment indicates Diffuse Interstellar Band.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat tabled1.dat tablee1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID Cluster ID
15- 20 F6.3 [Sun] [Fe/H] Mean [Fe/H] value
22- 26 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] Uncertainty on [Fe/H] from error propagation
28- 32 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Fe/H] Standard error on [Fe/H] from dispersion
of individual measurements
34- 35 I2 --- o_[Fe/H] Number of [Fe/H] measurements
37- 42 F6.3 [Sun] [Na/Fe] ?=9.990 Mean [Na/Fe] value
44- 48 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Na/Fe] ?=9.990 Uncertainty on [Na/Fe] from
error propagation
50- 54 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Na/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Na/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
56- 57 I2 --- o_[Na/Fe] Number of [Na/Fe] measurements
59- 64 F6.3 [Sun] [Mg/Fe] Mean [Mg/Fe] value
66- 70 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Mg/Fe] Uncertainty on [Mg/Fe] from error propagation
72- 76 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Mg/Fe] Standard error on [Mg/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
78- 79 I2 --- o_[Mg/Fe] Number of [Mg/Fe] measurements
81- 86 F6.3 [Sun] [Si/Fe] ?=9.990 Mean [Si/Fe] value
88- 92 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Si/Fe] ?=9.990 Uncertainty on [Si/Fe] from
error propagation
94- 98 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Si/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Si/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
100-101 I2 --- o_[Si/Fe] Number of [Si/Fe] measurements
103-108 F6.3 [Sun] [Ca/Fe] Mean [Ca/Fe] value
110-114 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ca/Fe] Uncertainty on [Ca/Fe] from error propagation
116-120 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Ca/Fe] Standard error on [Ca/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
122-123 I2 --- o_[Ca/Fe] Number of [Ca/Fe] measurements
125-130 F6.3 [Sun] [Ti/Fe] Mean [Ti/Fe] value
132-136 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ti/Fe] Uncertainty on [Ti/Fe] from error propagation
138-142 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Ti/Fe] Standard error on [Ti/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
144-145 I2 --- o_[Ti/Fe] Number of [Ti/Fe] measurements
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec2.dat tabled2.dat tablee2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID Cluster ID
15- 20 F6.3 [Sun] [Sc/Fe] Mean [Sc/Fe] value
22- 26 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Sc/Fe] Uncertainty on [Sc/Fe] from error propagation
28- 32 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Sc/Fe] Standard error on [Sc/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
34- 35 I2 --- o_[Sc/Fe] Number of [Sc/Fe] measurements
37- 42 F6.3 [Sun] [Cr/Fe] Mean [Cr/Fe] value
44- 48 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Cr/Fe] Uncertainty on [Cr/Fe] from error propagation
50- 54 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Cr/Fe] Standard error on [Cr/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
56- 57 I2 --- o_[Cr/Fe] Number of [Cr/Fe] measurements
59- 64 F6.3 [Sun] [Mn/Fe] Mean [Mn/Fe] value
66- 70 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Mn/Fe] Uncertainty on [Mn/Fe] from error propagation
72- 76 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Mn/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Mn/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
78- 79 I2 --- o_[Mn/Fe] Number of [Mn/Fe] measurements
81- 86 F6.3 [Sun] [Ni/Fe] Mean [Ni/Fe] value
88- 92 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ni/Fe] Uncertainty on [Ni/Fe] from error propagation
94- 98 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Ni/Fe] Standard error on [Ni/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
100-101 I2 --- o_[Ni/Fe] Number of [Ni/Fe] measurements
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec3.dat tabled3.dat tablee3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID Cluster ID
15- 20 F6.3 [Sun] [Cu/Fe] ?=9.990 Mean [Cu/Fe] value
22- 26 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Cu/Fe] ?=9.990 Uncertainty on [Cu/Fe] from
error propagation
28- 32 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Cu/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Cu/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
34- 35 I2 --- o_[Cu/Fe] Number of [Cu/Fe] measurements
37- 42 F6.3 [Sun] [Zn/Fe] ?=9.990 Mean [Zn/Fe] value
44- 48 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Zn/Fe] ?=9.990 Uncertainty on [Zn/Fe] from
error propagation
50- 54 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Zn/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Zn/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
56- 57 I2 --- o_[Zn/Fe] Number of [Zn/Fe] measurements
59- 64 F6.3 [Sun] [Zr/Fe] ?=9.990 Mean [Zr/Fe] value
66- 70 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Zr/Fe] ?=9.990 Uncertainty on [Zr/Fe] from
error propagation
72- 76 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Zr/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Zr/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
78- 79 I2 --- o_[Zr/Fe] Number of [Zr/Fe] measurements
81- 86 F6.3 [Sun] [Ba/Fe] Mean [Ba/Fe] value
88- 92 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ba/Fe] Uncertainty on [Ba/Fe] from error propagation
94- 98 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Ba/Fe] Standard error on [Ba/Fe] from dispersion
of individual measurements
100-101 I2 --- o_[Ba/Fe] Number of [Ba/Fe] measurements
103-108 F6.3 [Sun] [Eu/Fe] ?=9.990 Mean [Eu/Fe] value
110-114 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Eu/Fe] ?=9.990 Uncertainty on [Eu/Fe] from
error propagation
116-120 F5.3 [Sun] s_[Eu/Fe] ?=9.990 Standard error on [Eu/Fe] from
dispersion of individual measurements
122-123 I2 --- o_[Eu/Fe] Number of [Eu/Fe] measurements
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablef1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID Source ID
15- 20 A6 --- Element Element measured
22- 27 F6.1 0.1nm lam-min Blue edge of fit range
29- 34 F6.1 0.1nm lam-max Red edge of fit range
36- 42 F7.3 [Sun] [X/H]LTE ?=99.990 LTE abundance relative to H
44- 50 F7.3 [Sun] DNLTE ?=99.990 NLTE abundance correction
52- 58 F7.3 [Sun] e_[X/H]LTE ?=99.990 Uncertainty on LTE abundance
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Acknowledgements:
Soeren Larsen, s.larsen(at)astro.ru.nl
(End) Soeren Larsen [Radboud University], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 01-Dec-2021