J/A+A/659/A95 Survey of Surveys. I. Radial velocities (Tsantaki+, 2022)
Survey of Surveys. I. The largest catalogue of radial velocities for the Galaxy.
Tsantaki M., Pancino E., Marrese P., Marinoni S., Rainer M., Sanna N.,
Turchi A., Randich S., Gallart C., Battaglia G., Masseron T.
<Astron. Astrophys. 659, A95 (2022)>
=2022A&A...659A..95T 2022A&A...659A..95T (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Surveys ; Combined data ; Radial velocities ; Optical
Keywords: catalogues - methods: statistical - stars: fundamental parameters -
techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
We present a comprehensive catalogue, the Survey of Surveys (SoS),
built by homogeneously merging the radial velocity (RV) determinations
of the largest ground-based spectroscopic surveys to date, such as
APOGEE, GALAH, Gaia-ESO, RAVE, and LAMOST, using Gaia as reference.
This pilot study serves to prove the concept and to test the
methodology that we plan to apply in the future to the stellar
parameters and abundance ratios as well. We have devised a
multi-staged procedure that includes: i) the cross match between Gaia
and the spectroscopic surveys using the official Gaia cross-match
algorithm, ii) the normalization of uncertainties using repeated
measurements or the three-cornered hat method, iii) the cross
calibration of the RVs as a function of the main parameters they
depend on (magnitude, effective temperature, surface gravity,
metallicity, and signal-to-noise ratio) to remove trends and zero
point offsets, and iv) the comparison with external high-resolution
samples, such as the Gaia RV standards and the Geneva-Copenhagen
survey, to validate the homogenization procedure and to calibrate the
RV zero-point of the SoS catalogue. We provide the largest homogenized
RV catalogue to date, containing almost 11 million stars, of which
about half come exclusively from Gaia and half in combination with the
ground-based surveys. We estimate the accuracy of the RV zero-point to
be about 0.16-0.31km/s and the RV precision to be in the range
0.05-1.50km/s depending on the type of star and on its survey
provenance. We validate the SoS RVs with open clusters from a high
resolution homogeneous samples and provide the systemic velocity of 55
individual open clusters. Additionally, we provide median RVs for 532
clusters recently discovered by Gaia data.
Description:
Homogeneous radial velocities for 11 million stars by combining Gaia
DR2 (Gaia Collaboration et al., 2018A&A...616A...1G 2018A&A...616A...1G, Cat. I/345),
APOGEE DR16 (Ahumada et al., 2020ApJS..249....3A 2020ApJS..249....3A), GALAH DR2 (Buder et
al., 2018MNRAS.478.4513B 2018MNRAS.478.4513B, Cat. J/MNRAS/478/4513), Gaia-ESO DR3
(Gilmore et al., 2012Msngr.147...25G 2012Msngr.147...25G; Randich et al. 2013), RAVE DR6
(Steinmetz et al., 2020AJ....160...83S 2020AJ....160...83S, Cat. III/283) and LAMOST DR5
(Deng et al., 2012RAA....12..735D 2012RAA....12..735D). The SoS catalogue is also
available at http://gaiaportal.ssdc.asi.it/SoS. We recommend to the
users of the SoS to include the respective references of the
individual surveys we used for this work in their acknowledgements.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
sos.dat 151 11541195 The SoS I radial velocities
apogee.dat 194 437292 The APOGEE calibrated radial velocities
galah.dat 177 342682 The GALAH calibrated radial velocities
ges.dat 185 25499 The Gaia-ESO calibrated radial velocities
rave.dat 196 466058 The RAVE calibrated radial velocities
lamost.dat 192 4084922 The LAMOST calibrated radial velocities
clusters.dat 78 611 Parameters of 611 OCs from Cantat-Gaudin &
Anders (2020, Cat. J/A+A/633/A99) with more
than 3 stars in SoS (table 10);
updated table sent by the author
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See also:
III/283 : RAVE 6th data release (Steinmetz+, 2020)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/MNRAS/478/4513 : GALAH Survey DR2 (Buder+, 2018)
J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way. II
(Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
http://gaiaportal.ssdc.asi.it/SoS : SoS Home Page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: sos.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- SoS Unique SoS ID
10- 31 E22.20 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
33- 55 E23.20 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
57- 65 F9.3 km/s RVcormerg ? Radial Velocity from homogenization
67- 74 F8.3 km/s e_RVcormerg ? RV error
76- 82 F7.3 km/s s_RVcormerg ? RV error from multiple surveys (1)
84 I1 --- N Number of surveys combined for the RV
86-102 A17 --- flagXM Flag from the XM analysis
104-106 F3.1 --- flagRV [0/2] Quality flag of the RV (G1)
108-113 A6 --- flagBinary Flag for binarity
115-121 F7.4 mag Gmag ? G-band integrated magnitude
123-151 A29 --- Survey Surveys from which the RV is derived
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Note (1): Weighted error on the RV taking into account the scatter in the
measurements when are obtained from different surveys from Eq. 9.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: apogee.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- SoS Unique SoS ID
9- 26 A18 --- Name Source id from the survey APOGEE DR16
28- 46 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source id
48- 71 F24.20 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
73- 94 E22.20 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
96-104 F9.3 km/s RVcor ? Radial Velocity from homogenization
106-113 F8.3 km/s e_RVcor ? RV error
115-121 F7.3 km/s s_RVcor ? RV error from multiple surveys (G2)
123-126 F4.1 --- N Number multiples combined for the RVcor
128-144 A17 --- flagXM Flag from the XM analysis
146-148 F3.1 --- flagRV [0/2] Quality flag of the RV (G1)
150-155 A6 --- flagBinary Flag for binarity
157-162 F6.1 K Teff ? Average effective temperature
164-168 F5.1 K e_Teff ? Error on Teff
170-175 F6.3 [cm/s2] logg ? Surface gravity
177-181 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg ? Error on logg
183-188 F6.3 [-] [Fe/H] ? Iron metallicity
190-194 F5.3 [-] e_[Fe/H] ? Error on FeH
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: galah.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- SoS Unique SoS ID
9- 24 A16 --- Name Source id from the survey GALAH DR2
26- 44 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source id
46- 68 F23.19 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
70- 92 F23.19 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
94-101 F8.3 km/s RVcor ? Radial Velocity from homogenization
103-107 F5.3 km/s e_RVcor ? RV error
108 A1 km/s s_RVcor ? RV error from multiple surveys (G2)
109 I1 --- N Number multiples combined for the RVcor
111-127 A17 --- flagXM Flag from the XM analysis
129 I1 --- flagRV [0/2] Quality flag of the RV (G1)
131-136 A6 --- flagBinary Flag for binarity
138-143 F6.1 K Teff Average effective temperature
145-151 F7.1 K e_Teff Error on Teff
153-158 F6.3 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity
160-164 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg Error on logg
166-171 F6.3 [-] [Fe/H] Iron metallicity
173-177 F5.3 [-] e_[Fe/H] Error on FeH
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ges.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- SoS Unique SoS ID
9- 24 A16 --- Name Source id from the survey Gaia-ESO DR3
26- 44 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source id
46- 67 F22.18 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
69- 91 F23.19 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
93-100 F8.3 km/s RVcor ? Radial Velocity from homogenization
102-108 F7.3 km/s e_RVcor ? RV error
110-114 F5.3 km/s s_RVcor ? RV error from multiple surveys (G2)
116-118 F3.1 --- N Number multiples combined for the RVcor
120-136 A17 --- flagXM Flag from the XM analysis
138-140 F3.1 --- flagRV [0/2] Quality flag of the RV (G1)
142-147 A6 --- flagBinary Flag for binarity
149-154 F6.1 K Teff ? Average effective temperature
156-160 F5.1 K e_Teff ? Error on Teff
162-166 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg ? Surface gravity
168-172 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg ? Error on logg
174-179 F6.3 [-] [Fe/H] ? Iron metallicity
181-185 F5.3 [-] e_[Fe/H] ? Error on FeH
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: rave.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- SoS Unique SoS ID
9- 24 A16 --- Name Source id from the survey RAVE DR6
26- 44 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source id
46- 68 F23.19 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
70- 91 E22.19 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
93-100 F8.3 km/s RVcor ? Radial Velocity from homogenization
102-107 F6.3 km/s e_RVcor ? RV error
109-115 F7.3 km/s s_RVcor ? RV error from multiple surveys (G2)
117-120 F4.1 --- N Number multiples combined for the RVcor
122-138 A17 --- flagXM Flag from the XM analysis
140-142 F3.1 --- flagRV [0/2] Quality flag of the RV (G1)
144-149 A6 --- flagBinary Flag for binarity
151-157 F7.1 K teff ? Average effective temperature
159-164 F6.1 K e_teff ? Error on Teff
166-171 F6.3 [cm/s2] logg ? Surface gravity
173-177 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg ? Error on logg
179-184 F6.3 [-] [Fe/H] ? Iron metallicity
186-196 F11.3 [-] e_[Fe/H] ? Error on FeH
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: lamost.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 I7 --- SoS Unique SoS ID
9- 27 A19 --- Name Source id from the survey LAMOST DR5
29- 47 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source id
49- 70 E22.20 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
72- 94 E23.20 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
96-103 F8.3 km/s RVcor ? Radial Velocity from homogenization
105-110 F6.3 km/s e_RVcor ? RV error
112-118 F7.3 km/s s_RVcor ? RV error from multiple surveys (G2)
120-123 F4.1 --- N Number multiples combined for the RVcor
125-141 A17 --- flagXM Flag from the XM analysis
143-145 F3.1 --- flagRV [0/2] Quality flag of the RV (G1)
147-152 A6 --- flagBinary Flag for binarity
154-159 F6.1 K Teff Average effective temperature
161-166 F6.1 K e_Teff Error on Teff
168-173 F6.3 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity
175-179 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg Error on logg
181-186 F6.3 [-] [Fe/H] Iron metallicity
188-192 F5.3 [-] e_[Fe/H] Error on FeH
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: clusters.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- Cluster Cluster name
19- 32 F14.10 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
34- 47 F14.10 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5
49- 55 F7.3 km/s RVoc [-87/135] Median Radial Velocity of the cluster
57- 62 F6.3 km/s e_RVoc [0.03/63] RVoc standard error
64- 68 F5.2 km/s s_RVoc [0.02/52] Standard deviation of the RVoc, σ
70- 74 F5.2 km/s MAD [0.017/32] Mean absolute deviation of the RVoc
76- 78 I3 --- N [3/334] Number of stars in each cluster
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Quality flag of the RV as follows:
0 = These stars have passed the filtering criteria of each survey (Sect. 2)
and have reliable Te, log g, [Fe/H], and available S/N (apart from GES)
for all calibrations in the previous Sections. These stars amount to
4.1 million in the SoS (∼40%).
1 = Stars which do not have any of the parameters available for the RV
calibration (Te, log g, [Fe/H], and S/N) are shifted only by the ZP to
the calibrated Gaia reference. Also, this flag represents stars with
parameters outside the calibration limits. These stars amount to ∼8%
of the SoS.
1.5 = The stars with RV measurements obtained only from Gaia DR2 have their
RV calibrated only for their photometric magnitudes and amount to
5.8 million stars.
2 = Finally, there are a few stars with problematic RVs as defined from the
corresponding surveys (∼1%). These stars have lower quality measurements
that should only be used with care. We do not use them in the validation
and the analysis in the next Sections, but they were included in the
catalogue for completeness. Among these, we included 70365 sources from
Gaia DR2 that were indicated as potentially contaminated by
Boubert et al. (2019MNRAS.486.2618B 2019MNRAS.486.2618B).
Note (G2): Weighted error on the RV taking into account the scatter in the
measurements when are obtained from multiple observations from Eq. 9.
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History:
11-Mar-2022: Insert into VizieR
15+16-Jun-2022: Cluster table updated; sent by the author
19-Feb-2024: System of coordinates corrected
Acknowledgements:
Maria Tsantaki, maria.tsantaki(at)inaf.it
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 06-Mar-2022