J/A+A/658/A160      SEDIGISM survey, search for molecular outflows (Yang+, 2022)

The SEDIGISM survey: a search for molecular outflows. Yang A.Y., Urquhart J.S., Wyrowski F., Thompson M.A., Konig C., Colombo D., Menten K.M., Duarte-Cabral A., Schuller F., Csengeri T., Eden D., Barnes P., Traficante A., Bronfman L., Sanchez-Monge A., Ginsburg A., Cesaroni R., Lee M.-Y., Beuther H., Medina S.-N.X., Mazumdar P., Henning T. <Astron. Astrophys. 658, A160 (2022)> =2022A&A...658A.160Y 2022A&A...658A.160Y (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, early-type ; Interstellar medium ; Accretion ; Radio lines Keywords: accretion, accretion disks - stars: formation - stars: massive - stars: early-type - submillimeter: ISM - ISM: jets and outflows Abstract: The formation processes of massive stars are still unclear but a picture is emerging involving accretion disks and molecular outflows in what appears to be a scaled-up version of lower-mass star formation. A census of outflow activity towards high-mass star-forming clumps in various evolutionary stages has the potential to shed light on high-mass star formation. We conduct an outflow survey toward ATLASGAL (APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy) clumps, using SEDIGISM (structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic InterStellar Medium) data and aim to obtain a large sample of clumps exhibiting outflow activity in different evolutionary stages. We identify the high-velocity wings of the 13CO lines, indicating outflow activity, toward ATLASGAL clumps by (1) extracting the simultaneously observed 13CO(2-1) and C18O(2-1) spectra from SEDIGISM, and (2) subtracting the scaled C18O (cores emission) from the 13CO, after considering opacity broadening. We have detected high-velocity gas towards 1192 clumps out of a total sample of 2052 corresponding to an overall detection rate of 58%. Outflow activity has been detected from the earliest (apparently) quiescent clumps (i.e., 70 microns weak), to the most evolved HII region stages (i.e., 8 micron bright with tracers of massive star formation). The detection rate increases as a function of evolution (quiescent = 51%, protostellar = 47%, YSO = 57%, UCHII regions = 76%). Our sample is the largest outflow sample identified so far. The high detection rate from this large sample is consistent with the results of similar studies reported in the literature and supports the scenario that outflows are a ubiquitous feature of high-mass star formation. The lower detection rate in early evolutionary stages could be due to the fact that outflows in the early stages are weak and difficult to detect. We obtain a statistically significant number of outflow clumps for every evolutionary stage, especially for outflow clumps in the earliest stages (i.e., 70 microns dark cloud or massive starless core). Description: File table1 contains the sample of 2052 Clump properties of the selected 2052 ATLASGAL clumps searched for outflows. File table3 contains 13CO outflow calculations of all blue and red wings for 1192 ATLASGAL clumps. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table1.dat 57 2052 Clump properties of the selected 2052 ATLASGAL clumps searched for outflows table3.dat 80 1192 13CO outflow calculations of all blue and red wings for 1192 ATLASGAL clumps -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: J/ApJ/428/693 : Rosette Nebula and Maddalena Cloud structures (Williams+ 1994) J/A+A/417/615 : Maser and outflows in UC HII region (Codella+, 2004) J/A+A/426/503 : High velocity molecular outflows (Update) (Wu+ 2004) J/AJ/131/2525 : MAGPIS 20cm survey (Helfand+, 2006) J/A+A/453/1003 : SCUBA ultracompact HII regions (Thompson+, 2006) J/A+A/472/187 : 12CO outflows towards submm cores in Perseus (Hatchell+, 2007) J/ApJS/184/1 : Molecular clouds in the LMC by NANTEN. II. (Kawamura+, 2009) J/ApJ/723/1019 : Galactic SFR and gas surface densities (Heiderman+, 2010) J/MNRAS/418/1689 : Red MSX water maser and ammonia emissions (Urquhart+, 2011) J/A+A/549/A45 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 330<l<21 (Contreras+, 2013) J/A+A/557/A94 : SiO and HCO+ massive molecular outflows (Sanchez-Monge+, 2013) J/MNRAS/435/400 : ATLASGAL compact HII regions (Urquhart+, 2013) J/MNRAS/444/566 : Methanol maser associated outflows (de Villiers+, 2014) J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014) J/A+A/570/A65 : ATLASGAL massive clumps CO depletion (Giannetti+, 2014) J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps (Urquhart+, 2014) J/MNRAS/453/645 : Massive molecular outflows distance-limited sample (Maud+, 2015) J/MNRAS/446/3461 : 6.7-GHz methanol masers-dust associations (Urquhart+, 2015) J/AJ/152/92 : Ammonia & CO outflow around methanol masers (Li+, 2016) J/A+A/599/A139 : ATLASGAL massive clumps dust characterization (Koenig+, 2017) J/MNRAS/473/1059 : Complete sample of Galactic clumps (Urquhart+, 2018) J/A+A/611/A6 : ATLASGAL massive clumps H2CO data (Tang+, 2018) J/A+A/615/A103 : A catalogue of northern ultra-compact H II regions (Kalcheva+, 2018) J/ApJS/235/3 : Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumps (Yang+, 2018) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 18 A18 --- AGAL ATLASGAL identifier (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb) 20- 24 F5.2 kpc Dist ?=- Heliocentric distance 26- 29 F4.2 [Lsun] logLb ?=- Log bolometric luminosity (1) 31- 35 F5.2 [Msun] logMc ?=- Log clump mass (1) 37- 41 F5.2 [cm-2] logNH2 ?=- Log peak H2 column density (1) 43- 46 F4.2 [cm-3] lognH2 ?=- Mean volume density (1) 48- 51 F4.2 Msun/pc2 SIGMA ?=- Mean mass surface density (1) 53 A1 --- CH3OH [Y/N] methanol maser detection (2) 55 A1 --- H2O [Y/N] water maser detection (2) 57 A1 --- SiO [Y/N] SiO detection (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): These physical values are from Urquhart et al. (2018, J/MNRAS/473/1059) and Urquhart et al, (2021, submitted). Note (2): The symbol "Y" and "N" means detections and non detections, respectively. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 18 A18 --- AGAL ATLASGAL identifier 20- 25 F6.1 km/s 13COVel Observed peak 13CO velocity 27- 30 F4.1 K 13COTmb Main-beam temperature of 13CO (1) 32- 37 F6.1 km/s 18COVel Observed peak C18O velocity 39- 42 F4.1 K 18COTmb Main-beam temperature of C18O (1) 44- 49 F6.1 km/s b_DelVb ?=- Lower velocity range of 13CO blue wing 51- 56 F6.1 km/s B_DelVb ?=- Upper velocity range of 13CO blue wing 58- 63 F6.1 km/s b_DelVr ?=- Lower velocity range of 13CO red wing 65- 70 F6.1 km/s B_DelVr ?=- Upper velocity range of 13CO red wing 72- 75 F4.1 km/s Vmaxb ?=- Maximum projected velocity for blue (2) 77- 80 F4.1 km/s Vmaxr ?=- Maximum projected velocity for red (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): The antenna main-beam efficiency is 0.75. Note (2): Shifted relative to the peak C18O velocity. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgements: Aiyuan Yang, ayyang(at)mpifr-bonn.mpg.de References: Urquhart et al., 2018MNRAS.473.1059U 2018MNRAS.473.1059U, Cat. J/MNRAS/473/1059 Walsh et al, 2011MNRAS.416.1764W 2011MNRAS.416.1764W, Cat. J/MNRAS/416/1764 Walsh et al, 2014MNRAS.442.2240W 2014MNRAS.442.2240W, Cat. J/MNRAS/442/2240 Harju et al., 1998A&AS..132..211H 1998A&AS..132..211H, Cat. J/A+AS/132/211 Csengeri et al., 2016A&A...586A.149C 2016A&A...586A.149C, Cat. J/A+A/586/A149 Stroh et al., 2019ApJS..244...25S 2019ApJS..244...25S, Cat. J/ApJS/244/25 Green et al., 2009MNRAS.392..783G 2009MNRAS.392..783G Schuller et al., 2017A&A...601A.124S 2017A&A...601A.124S
(End) Aiyuan Yang [MPIFR, Bonn], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 01-Dec-2021
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