J/A+A/657/A7 Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3 (Kervella+, 2022)
Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3.
Proper motion anomaly and resolved common proper motion pairs.
Kervella P., Arenou F., Thevenin F.
<Astron. Astrophys. 657, A7 (2022)>
=2022A&A...657A...7K 2022A&A...657A...7K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, nearby ; Stars, double and multiple ; Proper motions ;
Optical
Keywords: astrometry - planets and satellites: detection - proper motions -
binaries: visual - solar neighborhood - catalogs
Abstract:
The multiplicity fraction of stars, down to the substellar regime, is
a parameter of fundamental importance for stellar formation,
evolution, and planetology. The census of multiple stars in the solar
neighborhood is however incomplete. The presence of a companion in
orbit around a star affects its proper motion. We aim at detecting
companions of Hipparcos catalog stars from the proper motion anomaly
(PMa) they induce on their host star, that is, the difference between
their long-term Hipparcos-Gaia and short-term Gaia proper motion
vectors. We also aim at detecting resolved, gravitationally bound
companions of the Hipparcos catalog stars (117955 stars), and of the
Gaia EDR3 stars closer than 100 c (542232 stars). Using the Hipparcos
and EDR3 data, we revise the PMa catalog for the Hipparcos stars. To
identify gravitationally bound visual companions of our sample, we
search the Gaia EDR3 catalog for common proper motion (CPM)
candidates. The detection of tangential velocity anomalies with a
median accuracy of 26cm/s per parsec of distance is demonstrated with
the EDR3. This improvement by a factor 2.5 in accuracy compared to the
Gaia DR2 results in PMa detection limits on companions well into the
planetary mass regime for many targets. We identify 37515 Hipparcos
stars presenting a PMa at significant level (S/N>3), that is, a
fraction of 32% (compared to 30% for the DR2) and 12914 (11%) hosting
CPM bound candidate companions. Including the Gaia EDR3 RUWE>1.4 as an
additional indicator, 50,720 stars of the Hipparcos catalog (43%)
exhibit at least one signal of binarity. Among the Gaia EDR3 stars
located within 100 pc, we find CPM bound candidate companions for
39,490 stars (7.3% of the sample). The search for companions using a
combination of the PMa, CPM and RUWE indicators significantly improves
the exhaustivity of the multiplicity survey. The detection of CPM
companions of very bright stars (heavily saturated on the Gaia
detectors) that are classical benchmark objects for stellar physics
provides a useful proxy to estimate their distance with a higher
accuracy than Hipparcos.
Description:
Proper motion anomaly (PMa) and common proper motion companions of
stars from the Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3 catalogs. The proper motion
vector at the Gaia EDR3 epoch is compared to the long-term proper
motion vector derived from the Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3 positions. The
common proper motion (CPM) candidate companions are identified through
the comparison of their parallax and proper motion with those of the
target source, for the Gaia EDR3 objects up to a distance of 100pc.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 650 116017 Proper motion anomaly of Hipparcos stars
tablea2.dat 388 175155 CPM candidate companions for Hipparcos stars
tablea3.dat 388 8103738 CPM candidate companions for Gaia stars
within 100 pc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity of Hipparcos stars from Gaia pm anomaly
(Kervella+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HIP Hipparcos catalog number
8- 26 I19 --- GaiaDR2 ? Gaia DR2 source number
28- 46 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 ? Gaia EDR3 source number
48- 70 A23 --- Name Common name
72- 86 F15.11 deg RAdeg ? Right ascension (ICRS)
88-102 F15.11 deg DEdeg ? Declination (ICRS)
104 I1 --- DMS [0/1]? Set to 1 for stars in the Hipparcos
Double and Multiple cat. (I/239/h_dm_com)
106 A1 --- DT [FIL] Type of DMS catalog solution (1)
108 A1 --- DQ [ABCD] Quality of DMS catalog solution (2)
110 I1 --- W [0/1]? Set to 1 if in the WDS
catalog (B/wds)
112-117 F6.3 mag Vmag ? V band magnitude
119-125 F7.4 mag Hpmag ? Hipparcos Hp magnitude
127-132 F6.4 mag e_Hpmag ? Standard error on Hp magnitude
134-140 F7.4 mag Gmag ? Gaia G band magnitude
142-147 F6.4 mag e_Gmag ? Standard error on Gaia G band magnitude
149-154 F6.3 mag Kmag ? 2MASS K band magnitude
156-160 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? Standard error on 2MASS K band magnitude
162-166 F5.3 mag E(B-V) ? E(B-V) color excess
168 A1 --- r_E(B-V) [BS] Reference for E(B-V) color excess (3)
170-191 A22 --- SpType Spectral type from CDS Simbad
193-199 F7.2 mas PlxH2 ? Hipparcos 2 (van Leeuwen 2007) parallax
201-206 F6.2 mas e_PlxH2 ? Standard error on Hip2 parallax
208-214 F7.3 mas PlxG3 ? Gaia EDR3 parallax (ZP corrected)
216-220 F5.3 mas e_PlxG3 ? Standard error on Gaia EDR3 parallax
222-228 F7.3 --- epsi ? Gaia EDR3 excess noise (epsilon)
230-235 F6.3 --- RUWE ? Gaia EDR3 renormalized unit weight error
237-243 F7.2 km/s RV Radial velocity
245-250 F6.2 km/s e_RV Standard error on radial velocity
252-254 A3 --- r_RV Reference of radial velocity (4)
256-261 F6.2 --- snrPMaHG1 ? Hipparcos-Gaia DR1 PMa S/N
263 I1 --- BinHG1 [0/1]? Hipparcos-Gaia DR1 binary flag
265-273 F9.3 mas/a pmRAH2G2 ? Hip2-Gaia DR2 proper motion in RA
direction (pmRA*cosDE) at epoch 2015.5
275-279 F5.3 mas/a e_pmRAH2G2 ? Standard error on HipG2 PM in RA
281-289 F9.3 mas/a pmDEH2G2 ? Hip2-Gaia DR2 proper motion in Dec
direction at epoch 2015.5
291-295 F5.3 mas/a e_pmDEH2G2 ? Standard error on HipG2 PM in Dec
297-304 F8.3 mas/a PMaRAH2G2 ? G2-HipG2 proper motion anomaly in RA
direction at epoch 2015.5
306-310 F5.3 mas/a e_PMaRAH2G2 ? Standard error on G2-HG2 PMa in RA
direction at epoch 2015.5
312-319 F8.3 mas/a PMaDEH2G2 ? G2-HipG2 proper motion anomaly in Dec
direction at epoch 2015.5
321-325 F5.3 mas/a e_PMaDEH2G2 ? Standard error on G2-HG2 PMa in Dec
direction at epoch 2015.5
327-332 F6.2 --- snrPMaH2G2 ? Signal-to-noise ratio of G2-HipG2 PMa
334 I1 --- BinH2G2 [0/1]? G2-HipG2 binary flag
(1 for snrPMaH2G2>3)
336-344 F9.3 mas/a pmRAH2EG3a ? Hip2-Gaia EDR3 proper motion in RA
direction (pmRA*cosDE) at epoch 1991.25
346-350 F5.3 mas/a e_pmRAH2EG3a ? Standard error on HipG3 PM in RA
352-360 F9.3 mas/a pmDEH2EG3a ? Hip2-Gaia EDR3 proper motion in Dec
direction at epoch 1991.25
362-366 F5.3 mas/a e_pmDEH2EG3a ? Standard error on HipG3 PM in Dec
368-375 F8.3 mas/a PMaRAH2EG3a ? Hip2-HipG3 proper motion anomaly in RA
direction at epoch 1991.25
377-383 F7.3 mas/a e_PMaRAH2EG3a ? Standard error on Hip-HG3 PMa in RA
direction at epoch 1991.25
385-392 F8.3 mas/a PMaDEH2EG3a ? Hip2-HipG3 proper motion anomaly in Dec
direction at epoch 1991.25
394-400 F7.3 mas/a e_PMaDEH2EG3a ? Standard error on Hip-HG3 PMa in Dec
direction at epoch 1991.25
402-407 F6.2 --- snrPMaH2EG3a ? Signal-to-noise ratio of Hip2-HipG3 PMa
409 I1 --- BinH2EG3a [0/1]? Hip2-HipG3 binary flag
(1 for snrPMaH2EG3>3)
411-419 F9.3 mas/a pmRAH2EG3b ? Hip2-Gaia EDR3 proper motion in RA
direction (pmRA*cosDE) at epoch 2016.0
421-425 F5.3 mas/a e_pmRAH2EG3b ? Standard error on HipG3 PM in RA
427-435 F9.3 mas/a pmDEH2EG3b ? Hip2-Gaia EDR3 proper motion in Dec
direction at epoch 2016.0
437-441 F5.3 mas/a e_pmDEH2EG3b ? Standard error on HipG3 PM in Dec
443-449 F7.3 mas/a PMaRAH2EG3b ? G3-HipG3 proper motion anomaly in RA
direction at epoch 2016.0
451-455 F5.3 mas/a e_PMaRAH2EG3b ? Standard error on G3-HG3 PMa in RA
457-463 F7.3 mas/a PMaDEH2EG3b ? G3-HipG3 proper motion anomaly in Dec
direction at epoch 2016.0
465-469 F5.3 mas/a e_PMaDEH2EG3b ? Standard error on G3-HG3 PMa in Dec
471-477 F7.2 --- snrPMaH2EG3b ? Signal-to-noise ratio of G3-HipG3 PMa
479 I1 --- BinH2EG3b [0/1]? G3-HipG3 binary flag
(1 for snrPMaH2EG3b>3)
481-489 F9.2 m/s dVt ? Tangential velocity anomaly
491-499 F9.2 m/s e_dVt ? Standard error on tangential velocity dVt
501-506 F6.2 deg dVtPA ? Position angle of velocity anomaly vector
508-512 F5.2 deg e_dVtPA ? Standard error on PA of dVt vector
514-517 F4.2 au OrbG3Dt ? Radius of orbit with period corresponding
to Gaia EDR3 observing window duration
519-526 F8.2 Rsun R1 ? Radius of primary star
527 A1 --- n_R1 [I] I for infinity
528-536 F9.2 Rsun e_R1 ? Standard error on radius of primary star
538-541 A4 --- r_R1 Reference for radius of primary (5)
543-550 F8.4 mas LDang ? Limb darkened angular diameter
551 A1 --- n_LDang [I] I for infinity
552-560 F9.4 mas e_LDang ? Standard error on LD angular diameter
562-567 F6.2 Msun M1 ? Mass of primary star
569-573 F5.2 Msun e_M1 ? Standard error on mass of primary
575-577 A3 --- r_M1 Reference for mass of primary (6)
579-590 F12.2 Mjup M23au ? Mass of companion assuming 3au orbit
592-601 F10.2 Mjup M25au ? Mass of companion assuming 5au orbit
603-612 F10.2 Mjup E_M25au ? Positive error bar on M2_5au
614-622 F9.2 Mjup e_M25au ? Negative error bar on M2_5au
624-633 F10.2 Mjup M210au ? Mass of companion assuming 10au orbit
635-643 F9.2 Mjup M230au ? Mass of companion assuming 30au orbit
645-647 I3 --- L Number of low velocity resolved companions
649-650 I2 --- B Number of bound resolved companions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Type of DMS catalog solution as follows:
F = fixed double or multiple system
I = individual parallaxes and linear motion
L = linear double or multiple system
Note (2): Quality of DMS catalog solution as follows:
A = good
B = fair
C = poor
D = uncertain
Note (3): Reference for E(B-V) color excess as follows:
S = Stilismx
B = Bayestar17
Note (4): Reference of radial velocity as follows:
A93 = Aannestad et al. (1993AJ....105.1033A 1993AJ....105.1033A)
A12 = Anderson & Francis (2012AstL...38..331A 2012AstL...38..331A, Cat. V/137
DR2 = Gaia DR2 (2018A&A...616A...1G 2018A&A...616A...1G, Cat. I/345))
H07 = Holmberg et al. (2007A&A...475..519H 2007A&A...475..519H, Cat. V/117)
K17 = Kervella et al. (2017A&A...598L...7K 2017A&A...598L...7K)
N02 = Nidever et al. (2002ApJS..141..503N 2002ApJS..141..503N, Cat. J/ApJS/141/503)
S18 = Soubiran et al. (2018A&A...616A...7S 2018A&A...616A...7S, Cat. J/A+A/616/A7)
Note (5): Reference for radius of primary as follows:
H16 = Holberg et al. (2016MNRAS.462.2295H 2016MNRAS.462.2295H, Cat. J/MNRAS/462/2295)
K04 = Kervella et al. (2004A&A...426..297K 2004A&A...426..297K)
K04G = Kervella et al. (2004A&A...426..297K 2004A&A...426..297K) (Gmag)
M15 = Mann+ (2015ApJ...804...64M 2015ApJ...804...64M, Cat. J/ApJ/804/64)
Note (6): Reference for mass of primary as follows:
F97 = Finley et al. (1997ApJ...488..375F 1997ApJ...488..375F)
H16 = Holberg et al. (2016MNRAS.462.2295H 2016MNRAS.462.2295H, Cat. J/MNRAS/462/2295)
K04 = Kervella et al. (2004A&A...426..297K 2004A&A...426..297K)
K04G = Kervella et al. (2004A&A...426..297K 2004A&A...426..297K) (Gmag)
M15 = Mann et al. (2015ApJ...804...64M 2015ApJ...804...64M, Cat. J/ApJ/804/64)
Pow = Power law
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat tablea3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 I1 --- T [0/1] Flag for parent (=1) or companion (=0)
3- 8 I6 --- HIP-Parent ? Hipparcos number of parent star
10- 15 I6 --- HIP ? Hipparcos number of star
17- 35 I19 --- EDR3-Parent ? Gaia EDR3 source number of parent
37- 55 I19 --- EDR3-Source ? Gaia EDR3 source number of star
57- 87 A31 --- Name Common name
89-103 F15.11 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS)
105-119 F15.11 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS)
121-125 A5 --- rPos [H G PPMXL] Reference of position
(H = Hip Ep=1991.25, G = EDR3 Ep=2016.0,
PPMXL = PPMXL Ep=2000)
127 I1 --- DMS [0/1]? Set to 1 for stars in the Hipparcos
Double and Multiple cat. (I/239/h_dm_com)
129 I1 --- W [0/1]? Set to 1 if in the WDS
catalog (B/wds)
131-136 F6.3 mag Vmag ? V band magnitude
138-144 F7.4 mag Hpmag ? Hipparcos Hp magnitude
146-152 F7.4 mag Gmag ? Gaia G band magnitude
154-159 F6.3 mag Kmag ? 2MASS K band magnitude
161-165 F5.3 mag E(B-V) ? E(B-V) color excess
167 A1 --- r_E(B-V) Reference for E(B-V) color excess (1)
169-191 A23 --- SpType Spectral type from CDS Simbad
193-199 F7.3 mas Plx ? Parallax
201-206 F6.3 mas e_Plx ? Standard error on parallax
208-211 A4 --- r_Plx Reference for parallax (2)
213-218 F6.3 --- RUWE ? Gaia EDR3 renormalized unit weight error
220-226 F7.2 km/s RV ? Radial velocity
228-233 F6.2 km/s e_RV ? Standard error on radial velocity
235-237 A3 --- r_RV Reference of radial velocity (3)
239-247 F9.3 mas/a pmRA ? Proper motion in right ascension
249-255 F7.3 mas/a e_pmRA ? Standard error on PMRA
257-265 F9.3 mas/a pmDE ? Proper motion in declination
267-272 F6.3 mas/a e_pmDE ? Standard error on PMDE
274-278 A5 --- r_pm Reference of proper motion (4)
280-286 F7.2 --- snrPMaG3 ? Signal-to-noise ratio of G3-HipG3 PMa
288 I1 --- BinG3 ? G3-HipG3 binary flag (1 for snrPMaG3>3)
290-295 F6.2 Msun Mass ? Mass
297-303 F7.2 Rsun Radius ? Radius
305-308 I4 --- N ? Number of near candidate companions
310-312 I3 --- L ? Number of low velocity companions
314-315 I2 --- B ? Number of bound candidate companions
317-323 F7.2 arcsec Sep ? Angular separation from parent star
325-330 F6.2 deg PA [0/360]? Position angle of candidate
companion
332-340 E9.3 au LinSep ? Linear separation with parent star
342-347 F6.2 km/s dVtan ? Differential tangential velocity with
respect to parent star
349-354 F6.2 km/s e_dVtan ? Standard error on dVtan
356-360 F5.2 km/s Vesc ? Escape velocity at projected location of
candidate companion
362-366 F5.2 deg dpmPA ? Difference in position angle of PM
vectors between parent and candidate
368-372 F5.3 --- PlxSc ? Parallax score of candidate companion
374-378 F5.3 --- BndSc ? Gravitationally bound score of candidate
380-384 F5.3 --- TotSc ? Total score of candidate companion
386 I1 --- LowV ? Low tangential velocity flag
388 I1 --- Bnd ? Gravitationally bound candidate flag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Reference for E(B-V) color excess as follows:
S = Stilism
B = Bayestar17
Note (2): Reference for parallax as follows:
G = Gaia EDR3, Cat. I/350
GHR = Gaia EDR3, Cat. I/350, with high RUWE
H = Hipparcos (2007A&A...474..653V 2007A&A...474..653V, Cat. I/311)
Note (3): Reference of radial velocity as follows:
A93 = Aannestad+ (1993AJ....105.1033A 1993AJ....105.1033A)
A12 = Anderson & Francis (2012AstL...38..331A 2012AstL...38..331A, Cat. V/137)
DR2 = Gaia DR2 (2018A&A...616A...1G 2018A&A...616A...1G, Cat. I/345)
H07 = Holmberg+ (2007A&A...475..519H 2007A&A...475..519H, Cat. V/117)
K17 = Kervella+ (2017A&A...598L...7K 2017A&A...598L...7K)
N02 = Nidever+ (2002ApJS..141..503N 2002ApJS..141..503N, Cat. J/ApJS/141/503)
S18 = Soubiran+ (2018A&A...616A...7S 2018A&A...616A...7S, Cat. J/A+A/616/A7)
Note (4): Reference of proper motion as follows:
G = Gaia EDR3, Cat. I/350
H = Hipparcos, Cat. I/311
HG = Hipparcos-Gaia EDR3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Pierre Kervella, pierre.kervella(at)observatoiredeparis.psl.eu
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 26-Sep-2021