J/A+A/654/A165 AGN effect on cold gas in distant SFGs (Valentino+, 2021)
The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant
star-forming galaxies.
Valentino F., Daddi E., Puglisi A., Magdis G.E., Kokorev V.I., Liu D.,
Madden S.C., Gomez-Guijarro C., Lee M.-Y., Cortzen I., Circosta C.,
Delvecchio I., Mullaney J.R., Gao Y., Gobat R., Aravena M., Jin S.,
Fujimoto S., Silverman J.D., Dannerbauer H.
<Astron. Astrophys. 654, A165 (2021)>
=2021A&A...654A.165V 2021A&A...654A.165V (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxy catalogs ; Galaxies, IR ; Galaxies, spectra ;
Interferometry
Keywords: galaxies: evolution - galaxies: ISM - galaxies: starburst -
galaxies: active - galaxies: high-redshift - submillimeter: ISM
Abstract:
In the framework of a systematic study with the ALMA interferometer of
infrared (IR)-selected main sequence and starburst galaxies at z∼1-1.7
at typical ∼1" resolution, we report on the effects of mid-IR and
X-ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the reservoirs and
excitation of molecular gas in a sample of 55 objects. We find
widespread detectable nuclear activity in ∼30% of the sample. The
presence of dusty tori influences the IR spectral energy distribution
of galaxies, as highlighted by the strong correlation among the AGN
contribution to the total IR luminosity budget (fAGN=LIRAGN/LIR),
its hard X-ray emission, and the Rayleigh-Jeans to mid-IR
(S1.2mm/S24um) observed color with evident consequences on the
ensuing empirical star formation rate estimates. Nevertheless, we find
only marginal effects of the presence and strength of AGN on the
carbon monoxide CO (J=2,4,5,7) or neutral carbon ([CI](3P1-3P0),
[CI](3P2-3P1)) line luminosities and on the derived molecular gas
excitation as gauged by line ratios and the full spectral line energy
distributions. The [CI] and CO emission up to J=5,7 thus primarily
traces the properties of the host in typical IR luminous galaxies.
However, our analysis highlights the existence of a large variety of
line luminosities and ratios despite the homogeneous selection. In
particular, we find a sparse group of AGN-dominated sources with the
highest LIRAGN/LIRSFR≥3 ratios that are more luminous in CO(5-4)
than what predicted by the LCO(5-4)-LIRSFR relation, which might
be the result of the nuclear activity. For the general population, our
findings translate into AGN having minimal effects on quantities such
as gas and dust fractions and star formation efficiencies. If
anything, we find hints of a marginal tendency of AGN hosts to be
compact at far-IR wavelengths and to display 1.8x larger dust optical
depths. In general, this is consistent with a marginal impact of the
nuclear activity on the gas reservoirs and star formation in average
star-forming AGN hosts with LIR>5x1011L☉, typically
under-represented in surveys of quasars and sub-millimeter galaxies.
Description:
This table contains the data used to estimate the impact of AGN on 55
main-sequence and starburst galaxies that host the. It encloses the
best-fit parameters of the far-infrared spectral energy distribution
modeling with STARDUST (Kokorev et al., 2021, ApJ, in press,
arXiv:2109.06209) and the ALMA measurements of carbon monoxide and
neutral atomic carbon emission. Finally, it includes ancillary
information on the sample from the optical/near-infrared observations
available in the literature. There is a large overlap with the master
data table in Valentino et al. 2020A&A...641A.155V 2020A&A...641A.155V, Cat.
J/A+A/641/A155, where more information about this and the ALMA parent
sample can be found. Whenever a difference occur (notably for a
handful of strong AGN studied in detail here), this table supersedes
the one in Valentino et al. 2020A&A...641A.155V 2020A&A...641A.155V, Cat. J/A+A/641/A155.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 813 55 ALMA+Far-IR+Optical AGN data table
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See also:
J/A+A/641/A155 : CO+[CI] emission in distant galaxies (Valentino+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 I5 --- ID Identifier (ID) (1)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000) (RAh)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000) (RAm)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000) (RAs)
19 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) (DE-)
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) (DEd)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) (DEm)
26- 30 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) (DEs)
32- 37 F6.4 --- zspOptMIR Optical/near-IR redshift
(ZSPEC_OPTICALNIR) (2)
39- 56 F18.16 --- zspsubmm ALMA submillimeter redshift (ZSPEC_SUBMM)
58- 74 E17.12 --- e_zspsubmm ?=-99 Error on the ALMA redshift
(DZSPEC_SUBMM)
76- 86 F11.7 [Msun] logM* ?=-99 logarithm of stellar mass
(LOG_STELLARMASS) (3)
88-108 E21.16 Lsun LLIRtot ?=-99 Total 8-1000um IR luminosity
(TOTAL_LIR) (4)
110-130 E21.16 Lsun e_LLIRtot ?=-99 Error on the total IR luminosity
(DTOTAL_LIR)
132-152 E21.16 Lsun SFLIR ?=-99 IR luminosity due to star formation
(SF_LIR)
154-174 E21.16 Lsun e_SFLIR ?=-99 Error on IR luminosity due to star
formation (DSF_LIR)
176-196 E21.16 Lsun AGNLIR ?=-99 IR luminosity from the AGN component
(AGN_LIR)
198-218 E21.16 Lsun e_AGNLIR ?=-99 Error on IR luminosity from the AGN
component (DAGN_LIR)
220-240 E21.16 --- fAGN ?=-99 Fraction of total LIR due to the AGN
(F_AGN) (5)
242-262 E21.15 --- e_fAGN ?=-99 Error on the fraction of total LIR
due to the AGN (DF_AGN)
264-283 E20.15 Msun Mdust ?=-99 Dust mass (MDUST) (6)
285-304 E20.15 Msun e_Mdust ?=-99 Error on the dust mass (DMDUST)
306-325 F20.15 --- U ?=-99 Mean intensity of the interstellar
radiation field (U) (6)
327-347 F21.17 --- e_U ?=-99 Error on U (DU)
349-360 F12.8 --- DistMS ?=-99 Distance from the main sequence
(DISTANCEMS) (7)
362-375 F14.10 arcsec Size ?=-99 Source angular size from ALMA (SIZE)
377-391 F15.11 arcsec e_Size ?=-99 Error on the source angular size
from ALMA (DSIZE)
393-406 F14.10 arcsec 1sigsize ?=-99 1σ upper limit on the size
(ONESIGMA_SIZE)
408-428 F21.17 Jy.km/s FCO54 ?=-99 Velocity integrated CO54 flux
(FLUX_LINECO54)
430-440 F11.7 --- SNRCO54 ?=-99 S/N of the CO54 line flux (SNR_CO54)
442-462 F21.17 Jy.km/s 1sigCO54 ?=-99 1σ limit on CO54 flux
(ONESIGMA_CO54)
464-481 F18.14 km/s WidthCO54 ?=-99 Velocity width of CO54 line
(WIDTH_CO54)
483-487 F5.1 --- fCO54 ?=-99 Quality and usage flag for CO54
(FLAG_CO54) (1)
489-509 F21.17 Jy.km/s FCO21 ?=-99 Velocity integrated CO21 flux
(FLUX_LINECO21)
511-521 F11.7 --- SNRCO21 ?=-99 S/N of the CO21 line flux
(SNR_CO21)
523-543 F21.17 Jy.km/s 1sigCO21 ?=-99 1σ limit on CO21 flux
(ONESIGMA_CO21)
545-562 F18.14 km/s WidthCO21 ?=-99 Velocity width of CO21 line
(WIDTH_CO21)
564-568 F5.1 --- fCO21 ?=-99 Quality and usage flag for CO21
(FLAG_CO21) (1)
570-590 F21.17 Jy.km/s FCO76 ?=-99 Velocity integrated CO76 flux
(FLUX_LINECO76)
592-611 F20.15 --- SNRCO76 ?=-99 S/N of the CO76 line flux (SNR_CO76)
613-617 F5.1 Jy.km/s 1sigCO76 ?=-99 1σ limit on CO76 flux
(ONESIGMA_CO76)
619-636 F18.14 km/s WidthCO76 ?=-99 Velocity width of CO76 line
(WIDTH_CO76)
638-642 F5.1 --- fCO76 ?=-99 Quality and usage flag for CO76
(FLAG_CO76) (1)
644-663 F20.16 Jy.km/s FCI21 ?=-99 Velocity integrated CI21 flux
(FLUX_LINECI21)
665-684 F20.15 --- SNRCI21 ?=-99 S/N of the CI21 line flux (SNR_CI21)
686-690 F5.1 Jy.km/s 1sigCI21 ?=-99 1σ limit on CI21 flux
(ONESIGMA_CI21)
692-709 F18.14 km/s WIDTHCI21 ?=-99 Velocity width of CI21 line
(WIDTHCI21)
711-715 F5.1 --- fCI21 ?=-99 Quality and usage flag for CI21
(FLAG_CI21) (1)
717-726 F10.6 Jy.km/s FCI10 ?=-99 Velocity integrated CI10 flux
(FLUX_LINECI10)
728-736 F9.5 --- SNRCI10 ?=-99 S/N of the CI10 line flux (SNR_CI10)
738-748 F11.7 Jy.km/s 1sigCI10 ?=-99 1σ limit on CI10 flux
(ONESIGMA_CI10)
750-756 F7.3 km/s WidthCI10 ?=-99 Velocity width of CI10 line
(WIDTH_CI10)
758-762 F5.1 --- fCI10 ?=-99 Quality and usage flag for CI10
(FLAG_CI10) (1)
764-773 F10.6 Jy.km/s FCO43 ?=-99 Velocity integrated CO43 flux
(FLUX_LINECO43)
775-783 F9.5 --- SNRCO43 ?=-99 S/N of the CO43 line flux (SNR_CO43)
785-789 F5.1 Jy.km/s 1sigCO43 ?=-99 1σ limit on CO43 flux
(ONESIGMA_CO43)
791-797 F7.3 km/s WidthCO43 ?=-99 Velocity width of CO43 line
(WIDTH_CO43)
799-803 F5.1 --- fCO43 ?=-99 Quality and usage flag for CO43
(FLAG_CO43) (1)
805-811 F7.3 erg/s LX ?=-99 2-10 keV rest frame log-luminosity
(Lx_210) (8)
813 A1 --- fD12 [0/1] Donley et al., 2012ApJ...748..142D 2012ApJ...748..142D AGN
classification (FLAG_DONLEY2012) (9)
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Note (1): Valentino et al., 2020A&A...641A.155V 2020A&A...641A.155V, Cat. J/A+A/641/A155.
Note (2): Mara Salvato et al. in preparation.
Note (3): Chabrier (2003PASP..115..763C 2003PASP..115..763C) initial mass function.
Note (4): From modeling of the far-infrared SED with STARDUST (Kokorev et al..
2021. ApJ, in press, arXiv:2109.06209), based on Draine & Li
(2007ApJ...657..810D 2007ApJ...657..810D) and Mullaney et al. (2011MNRAS.414.1082M 2011MNRAS.414.1082M) templates.
Note (5): We caution the reader against low fAGN at face value.
Fractions <1% simply indicate the absence of a significant AGN contribution at
long wavelengths, given the available data, and we adopted this threshold as
a strict floor for our analysis. Here, we do report the best-fit values for
completeness. We consider a fAGN+e_fAGN≥20% to broadly classify galaxies
as AGN, based on their IR emission.
Note (6): From Draine & Li (2007ApJ...657..810D 2007ApJ...657..810D) models
Note (7): Parameterized as in Sargent et al. (2014ApJ...793...19S 2014ApJ...793...19S).
Note (8): This corresponds to column 50 in Marchesi et al., 2016ApJ...817...34M 2016ApJ...817...34M,
Cat. J/ApJ/817/34; negative values: upper limits
Note (9): Donley et al. (2012ApJ...748..142D 2012ApJ...748..142D) flag as follows:
1 = AGN
0 = non-AGN
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Acknowledgements:
Francesco Valentino, francesco.valentino(at)nbi.ku.dk
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 07-Sep-2021