J/A+A/654/A143 Ion and femtosecond laser irradiation spectra (Chrbolkova+, 2021)
Comparison of space weathering spectral changes induced by solar wind and
micrometeoroid impacts using ion- and femtosecond-laser-irradiated olivine and
pyroxene.
Chrbolkova K., Brunetto R., Durech J., Kohout T., Mizohata K., Maly P.,
Dedic V., Lantz C., Penttila A., Trojanek F., Maturilli A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 654, A143 (2021)>
=2021A&A...654A.143C 2021A&A...654A.143C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Solar system ; Sun ; Spectra, infrared ; Spectroscopy
Keywords: planets and satellites: surfaces - solar wind -
meteorites, meteors, meteoroids - methods: data analysis -
techniques: spectroscopic
Abstract:
Space weathering is a process that changes the surface of airless
planetary bodies. Prime space weathering agents are solar wind
irradiation and micrometeoroid bombardment. These processes alter
planetary reflectance spectra and often modify their compositional
diagnostic features.
In this work we focused on simulating and comparing the spectral
changes caused by solar wind irradiation and by micrometeoroid
bombardment to gain a better understanding of these individual space
weathering processes.
We used olivine and pyroxene pellets as proxies for planetary
materials. To simulate solar wind irradiation we used hydrogen,
helium, and argon ions with energies from 5 to 40keV and fluences of
up to 1018particles/cm2. To simulate micrometeoroid bombardment we
used individual femtosecond laser pulses. We analysed the
corresponding evolution of different spectral parameters, which we
determined by applying the Modified Gaussian Model, and we also
conducted principal component analysis.
The original mineralogy of the surface influences the spectral
evolution more than the weathering agent, as seen from the diverse
evolution of the spectral slope of olivine and pyroxene upon
irradiation. The spectral slope changes seen in olivine are consistent
with observations of A-type asteroids, while the moderate to no slope
changes observed in pyroxene are consistent with asteroid (4) Vesta.
We also observed some differences in the spectral effects induced by
the two weathering agents. Ions simulating solar wind have a smaller
influence on longer wavelengths of the spectra than laser irradiation
simulating micrometeoroid impacts. This is most likely due to the
different penetration depths of ions and laser pulses. Our results
suggest that in some instances it might be possible to distinguish
between the contributions of the two agents on a weathered surface.
Description:
The original (raw) spectra of olivines and pyroxenes irradiated by
hydrogen (H), helium (He), and argon (Ar) ions and by individual
pulses of femtosecond laser (l).
Each file contains one set of spectral curves -- one material
irradiated by one type of ion or by laser. The first column is always
the wavelength, the second column is the reflectance of the fresh
material and all the following columns represent reflectances of the
irradiated samples (with increasing irradiation dose, i.e. more ions
or higher energy density).
There are two types of spectra:
(1) visible and near-infrared (vn), and
(2) mid-infrared (m), which also contain lower wavelengths, but the vn
are of better quality in the corresponding wavelength range, so one
should use only 3um to 13um from these spectra.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
ol-hvn.dat 71 432 Spectra of olivine irradiated by H-ions, VIS-NIR
ol-hevn.dat 65 1441 Spectra of olivine irradiated by He-ions, VIS-NIR
ol-arvn.dat 98 1441 Spectra of olivine irradiated by Ar-ions, VIS-NIR
ol-lvn.dat 154 5036 Spectra of olivine irradiated by laser, VIS-NIR
ol-hm.dat 88 7061 Spectra of olivine irradiated by H-ions, MIR
ol-hem.dat 33 7061 Spectra of olivine irradiated by He-ions, MIR
ol-arm.dat 33 7061 Spectra of olivine irradiated by Ar-ions, MIR
ol-lm.dat 154 7061 Spectra of olivine irradiated by laser, MIR
opx-hvn.dat 55 432 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by H-ions, VIS-NIR
opx-hevn.dat 65 1441 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by He-ions, VIS-NIR
opx-arvn.dat 98 1441 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by Ar-ions, VIS-NIR
opx-lvn.dat 154 5036 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by laser, VIS-NIR
opx-hm.dat 77 7061 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by H-ions, MIR
opx-hem.dat 33 7061 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by He-ions, MIR
opx-arm.dat 33 7061 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by Ar-ions, MIR
opx-lm.dat 154 7061 Spectra of pyroxene irradiated by laser, MIR
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-hvn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 nm lambda [400.0/2500.0] wavelength
9- 15 F7.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
17- 23 F7.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e14 ions/cm2
25- 31 F7.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 1e15 ions/cm2
33- 39 F7.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
41- 47 F7.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
49- 55 F7.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 2e17 ions/cm2
57- 63 F7.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 5e17 ions/cm2
65- 71 F7.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 1e18 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-hevn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 E10.5 nm lambda [540.8/2501.3] wavelength
12- 21 E10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
23- 32 E10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
34- 43 E10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 3e16 ions/cm2
45- 54 E10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 6e16 ions/cm2
56- 65 E10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-arvn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 E10.5 nm lambda [540.8/2501.3] wavelength
12- 21 E10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
23- 32 E10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e15 ions/cm2
34- 43 E10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 3e15 ions/cm2
45- 54 E10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 6e15 ions/cm2
56- 65 E10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
67- 76 E10.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 2e16 ions/cm2
78- 87 E10.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 6e16 ions/cm2
89- 98 E10.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-lvn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 nm lambda [400.2/2498.9] wavelength
16- 22 F7.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
27- 33 F7.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1.7 J/cm2
38- 44 F7.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 2.4 J/cm2
49- 55 F7.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 3.8 J/cm2
60- 66 F7.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 4.6 J/cm2
71- 77 F7.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 6.7 J/cm2
82- 88 F7.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 10.4 J/cm2
93- 99 F7.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 15.0 J/cm2
104-110 F7.5 --- R9 Reflectance, 23.4 J/cm2
115-121 F7.5 --- R10 Reflectance, 30.6 J/cm2
126-132 F7.5 --- R11 Reflectance, 60.0 J/cm2
137-143 F7.5 --- R12 Reflectance, 93.8 J/cm2
148-154 F7.5 --- R13 Reflectance, 375.0 J/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-hm.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.2/101670.0] wavelength
13- 22 F10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
25- 33 F9.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e14 ions/cm2
35- 44 F10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 1e15 ions/cm2
46- 55 F10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
57- 66 F10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
68- 77 F10.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 5e17 ions/cm2
79- 88 F10.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 1e18 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-hem.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.1/101670.0] wavelength
13- 22 F10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
24- 33 F10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-arm.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.2/101670.0] wavelength
13- 22 F10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
25- 33 F9.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ol-lm.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.1/101670.0] wavelength
13- 22 F10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
24- 33 F10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1.7 J/cm2
35- 44 F10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 2.4 J/cm2
46- 55 F10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 3.8 J/cm2
58- 66 F9.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 4.6 J/cm2
68- 77 F10.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 6.7 J/cm2
80- 88 F9.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 10.4 J/cm2
91- 99 F9.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 15.0 J/cm2
102-110 F9.5 --- R9 Reflectance, 23.4 J/cm2
112-121 F10.5 --- R10 Reflectance, 30.6 J/cm2
123-132 F10.5 --- R11 Reflectance, 60.0 J/cm2
134-143 F10.5 --- R12 Reflectance, 93.8 J/cm2
146-154 F9.5 --- R13 Reflectance, 375.0 J/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-hvn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 nm lambda [400.0/2500.0] wavelength
9- 15 F7.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
17- 23 F7.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
25- 31 F7.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
33- 39 F7.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 2e17 ions/cm2
41- 47 F7.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 5e17 ions/cm2
49- 55 F7.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 1e18 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-hevn.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 E10.5 nm lambda [540.8/2501.3] wavelength
12- 21 E10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
23- 32 E10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
34- 43 E10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 3e16 ions/cm2
45- 54 E10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 6e16 ions/cm2
56- 65 E10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-arvn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 E10.5 nm lambda [540.8/2501.3] wavelength
12- 21 E10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
23- 32 E10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e15 ions/cm2
34- 43 E10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 3e15 ions/cm2
45- 54 E10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 6e15 ions/cm2
56- 65 E10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
67- 76 E10.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 2e16 ions/cm2
78- 87 E10.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 6e16 ions/cm2
89- 98 E10.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-lvn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 nm lambda [400.2/2498.9] wavelength
16- 22 F7.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
27- 33 F7.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 4.5 J/cm2
38- 44 F7.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 5.6 J/cm2
49- 55 F7.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 12.5 J/cm2
60- 66 F7.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 18.0 J/cm2
71- 77 F7.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 28.1 J/cm2
82- 88 F7.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 36.7 J/cm2
93- 99 F7.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 50.0 J/cm2
104-110 F7.5 --- R9 Reflectance, 72.0 J/cm2
115-121 F7.5 --- R10 Reflectance, 112.5 J/cm2
126-132 F7.5 --- R11 Reflectance, 200.0 J/cm2
137-143 F7.5 --- R12 Reflectance, 450.0 J/cm2
148-154 F7.5 --- R13 Reflectance, 1800.0 J/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-hm.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.2/101670.0] wavelength
14- 22 F9.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
25- 33 F9.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e16 ions/cm2
36- 44 F9.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
47- 55 F9.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 2e17 ions/cm2
57- 66 F10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 5e17 ions/cm2
69- 77 F9.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 1e18 ions/cm2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-hem.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.2/101670.0] wavelength
14- 22 F9.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
25- 33 F9.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-arm.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.2/101670.0] wavelength
14- 22 F9.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
25- 33 F9.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 1e17 ions/cm2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: opx-lm.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 11 F9.2 nm lambda [400.1/101670.0] wavelength
13- 22 F10.5 --- R1 Reflectance, fresh
24- 33 F10.5 --- R2 Reflectance, 4.5 J/cm2
35- 44 F10.5 --- R3 Reflectance, 5.6 J/cm2
46- 55 F10.5 --- R4 Reflectance, 12.5 J/cm2
57- 66 F10.5 --- R5 Reflectance, 18.0 J/cm2
68- 77 F10.5 --- R6 Reflectance, 28.1 J/cm2
79- 88 F10.5 --- R7 Reflectance, 36.7 J/cm2
91- 99 F9.5 --- R8 Reflectance, 50.0 J/cm2
101-110 F10.5 --- R9 Reflectance, 72.0 J/cm2
112-121 F10.5 --- R10 Reflectance, 112.5 J/cm2
124-132 F9.5 --- R11 Reflectance, 200.0 J/cm2
134-143 F10.5 --- R12 Reflectance, 450.0 J/cm2
145-154 F10.5 --- R13 Reflectance, 1800.0 J/cm2
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Acknowledgements:
Katerina Chrbolkova, katerina.chrbolkova(at)helsinki.fi
(End) K. Chrbolkova [Astron. Inst., Charles Univ.], P. Vannier [CDS] 26-Jul-2021