J/A+A/647/A132 GLE integral intensities (Koldobskiy+, 2021)
New reconstruction of event-integrated spectra (spectral fluences) for major
solar energetic particle events.
Koldobskiy S., Raukunen O., Vainio R., Kovaltsov G.A., Usoskin I.
<Astron. Astrophys. 647, A132 (2021)>
=2021A&A...647A.132K 2021A&A...647A.132K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Sun
Keywords: Sun: particle emission - Sun: flares - Sun: activity -
solar-terrestrial relations
Abstract:
Fluences of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are not easy to evaluate,
especially for high-energy events (i.e. ground-level enhancements,
GLEs). Earlier estimates of event-integrated SEP fluences for GLEs
were based on partly outdated assumptions and data, and they required
revisions. Here, we present the results of a full revision of the
spectral fluences for most major SEP events (GLEs) for the period from
1956-2017 using updated low-energy flux estimates along with
greatly revisited high-energy flux data and applying the newly
invented reconstruction method including an improved neutron-monitor
yield function.
Low- and high-energy parts of the SEP fluence were estimated using a
revised space-borne/ionospheric data and ground-based neutron
monitors, respectively. The measured data were fitted by the modified
Band function spectral shape. The best-fit parameters and their
uncertainties were assessed using a direct Monte Carlo method.
A full reconstruction of the event-integrated spectral fluences was
performed in the energy range above 30MeV, parametrised and tabulated
for easy use, along with estimates of the 68% confidence intervals.
This forms a solid basis for more precise studies of the physics of
solar eruptive events and the transport of energetic particles in the
interplanetary medium, as well as the related applications.
Description:
File params.dat contains parameters of the modified Band-function fit
of the integral flux (fluence) for SEP registered by satellite/
ionospheric experiments and neutron monitor network (58 most powerful
GLE events). Each string corresponds to the separate GLE event
File fluences.dat contains ready-to-use fluences (in units of cm-2)
of solar energetic particles for 58 considered GLE events (GLE # and
date are given for event identification). Fluences are obtained using
best MBF fit and are given in log-space scale from 0.239GV to 20GV.
Fluences corresponding to energies >100, >430 and >1000MeV are also
given.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
params.dat 114 58 *Parameters of the modified Band-function fit of
the integral flux (fluence) for SEP registered
by satellite/ionospheric experiments and
neutron monitor network
(58 most powerful GLE events)
(corrected version, 28-Sep-2021)
fluences.dat 932 58 Ready-to-use fluences of solar energetic
particles for 58 considered GLE events
(corrected version, 28-Sep-2021)
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Note on params.dat: all other parameters are strongly dependent on these ones.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: params.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- GLE [5/72] GLE sequential number
4- 13 A10 "date" Date GLE observation date
15- 23 E9.3 --- gamma1 Fit parameter gamma1
25- 32 E8.3 --- E_gamma1 1-sigma uncertainty on gamma1 (upper value)
34- 41 E8.3 --- e_gamma1 1-sigma uncertainty on gamma1 (lower value)
43- 52 E10.4 GV R1 Fit parameter rigidity, R1
54- 61 E8.3 cm-2 J2 Fit parameter J2
63- 71 E9.3 --- gamma2 Fit parameter gamma2
73- 80 E8.3 --- E_gamma2 1-sigma uncertainty on gamma2 (upper value)
82- 89 E8.3 --- e_gamma2 1-sigma uncertainty on gamma2 (lower value)
91- 99 E9.4 GV R2 ?=9.000E+99 Fit parameter rigidity, R2
101-105 F5.3 GV Rb Fit parameter Rb (=gamma0*R0)
107-114 E8.3 % Delta 1-sigma uncertainty of the fit
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fluences.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [5/72] GLE number
4- 11 E8.3 cm-2 F1 Fluence for Rigidity=2.39E-01GV
and Energy=3.00E-02GeV
13- 20 E8.3 cm-2 F2 Fluence for Rigidity=2.47E-01GV
and Energy=3.20E-02GeV
22- 29 E8.3 cm-2 F3 Fluence for Rigidity=2.55E-01GV
and Energy=3.40E-02GeV
31- 38 E8.3 cm-2 F4 Fluence for Rigidity=2.62E-01GV
and Energy=3.60E-02GeV
40- 47 E8.3 cm-2 F5 Fluence for Rigidity=2.73E-01GV
and Energy=3.90E-02GeV
49- 56 E8.3 cm-2 F6 Fluence for Rigidity=2.84E-01GV
and Energy=4.20E-02GeV
58- 65 E8.3 cm-2 F7 Fluence for Rigidity=2.91E-01GV
and Energy=4.40E-02GeV
67- 74 E8.3 cm-2 F8 Fluence for Rigidity=3.01E-01GV
and Energy=4.70E-02GeV
76- 83 E8.3 cm-2 F9 Fluence for Rigidity=3.14E-01GV
and Energy=5.10E-02GeV
85- 92 E8.3 cm-2 F10 Fluence for Rigidity=3.23E-01GV
and Energy=5.40E-02GeV
94- 101 E8.3 cm-2 F11 Fluence for Rigidity=3.35E-01GV
and Energy=5.80E-02GeV
103- 110 E8.3 cm-2 F12 Fluence for Rigidity=3.44E-01GV
and Energy=6.10E-02GeV
112- 119 E8.3 cm-2 F13 Fluence for Rigidity=3.58E-01GV
and Energy=6.60E-02GeV
121- 128 E8.3 cm-2 F14 Fluence for Rigidity=3.69E-01GV
and Energy=7.00E-02GeV
130- 137 E8.3 cm-2 F15 Fluence for Rigidity=3.83E-01GV
and Energy=7.50E-02GeV
139- 146 E8.3 cm-2 F16 Fluence for Rigidity=3.96E-01GV
and Energy=8.00E-02GeV
148- 155 E8.3 cm-2 F17 Fluence for Rigidity=4.08E-01GV
and Energy=8.50E-02GeV
157- 164 E8.3 cm-2 F18 Fluence for Rigidity=4.23E-01GV
and Energy=9.10E-02GeV
166- 173 E8.3 cm-2 F19 Fluence for Rigidity=4.38E-01GV
and Energy=9.70E-02GeV
175- 182 E8.3 cm-2 F20 Fluence for Rigidity=4.45E-01GV
and Energy=1.00E-01GeV
184- 191 E8.3 cm-2 F21 Fluence for Rigidity=4.54E-01GV
and Energy=1.04E-01GeV
193- 200 E8.3 cm-2 F22 Fluence for Rigidity=4.70E-01GV
and Energy=1.11E-01GeV
202- 209 E8.3 cm-2 F23 Fluence for Rigidity=4.85E-01GV
and Energy=1.18E-01GeV
211- 218 E8.3 cm-2 F24 Fluence for Rigidity=5.02E-01GV
and Energy=1.26E-01GeV
220- 227 E8.3 cm-2 F25 Fluence for Rigidity=5.19E-01GV
and Energy=1.34E-01GeV
229- 236 E8.3 cm-2 F26 Fluence for Rigidity=5.39E-01GV
and Energy=1.44E-01GeV
238- 245 E8.3 cm-2 F27 Fluence for Rigidity=5.57E-01GV
and Energy=1.53E-01GeV
247- 254 E8.3 cm-2 F28 Fluence for Rigidity=5.77E-01GV
and Energy=1.63E-01GeV
256- 263 E8.3 cm-2 F29 Fluence for Rigidity=5.99E-01GV
and Energy=1.75E-01GeV
265- 272 E8.3 cm-2 F30 Fluence for Rigidity=6.19E-01GV
and Energy=1.86E-01GeV
274- 281 E8.3 cm-2 F31 Fluence for Rigidity=6.43E-01GV
and Energy=1.99E-01GeV
283- 290 E8.3 cm-2 F32 Fluence for Rigidity=6.65E-01GV
and Energy=2.12E-01GeV
292- 299 E8.3 cm-2 F33 Fluence for Rigidity=6.91E-01GV
and Energy=2.27E-01GeV
301- 308 E8.3 cm-2 F34 Fluence for Rigidity=7.16E-01GV
and Energy=2.42E-01GeV
310- 317 E8.3 cm-2 F35 Fluence for Rigidity=7.42E-01GV
and Energy=2.58E-01GeV
319- 326 E8.3 cm-2 F36 Fluence for Rigidity=7.69E-01GV
and Energy=2.75E-01GeV
328- 335 E8.3 cm-2 F37 Fluence for Rigidity=7.99E-01GV
and Energy=2.94E-01GeV
337- 344 E8.3 cm-2 F38 Fluence for Rigidity=8.29E-01GV
and Energy=3.14E-01GeV
346- 353 E8.3 cm-2 F39 Fluence for Rigidity=8.61E-01GV
and Energy=3.35E-01GeV
355- 362 E8.3 cm-2 F40 Fluence for Rigidity=8.94E-01GV
and Energy=3.58E-01GeV
364- 371 E8.3 cm-2 F41 Fluence for Rigidity=9.29E-01GV
and Energy=3.82E-01GeV
373- 380 E8.3 cm-2 F42 Fluence for Rigidity=9.64E-01GV
and Energy=4.07E-01GeV
382- 389 E8.3 cm-2 F43 Fluence for Rigidity=9.96E-01GV
and Energy=4.30E-01GeV
391- 398 E8.3 cm-2 F44 Fluence for Rigidity=1.00E+00GV
and Energy=4.35E-01GeV
400- 407 E8.3 cm-2 F45 Fluence for Rigidity=1.04E+00GV
and Energy=4.64E-01GeV
409- 416 E8.3 cm-2 F46 Fluence for Rigidity=1.08E+00GV
and Energy=4.95E-01GeV
418- 425 E8.3 cm-2 F47 Fluence for Rigidity=1.13E+00GV
and Energy=5.29E-01GeV
427- 434 E8.3 cm-2 F48 Fluence for Rigidity=1.17E+00GV
and Energy=5.64E-01GeV
436- 443 E8.3 cm-2 F49 Fluence for Rigidity=1.22E+00GV
and Energy=6.02E-01GeV
445- 452 E8.3 cm-2 F50 Fluence for Rigidity=1.27E+00GV
and Energy=6.43E-01GeV
454- 461 E8.3 cm-2 F51 Fluence for Rigidity=1.33E+00GV
and Energy=6.86E-01GeV
463- 470 E8.3 cm-2 F52 Fluence for Rigidity=1.38E+00GV
and Energy=7.33E-01GeV
472- 479 E8.3 cm-2 F53 Fluence for Rigidity=1.44E+00GV
and Energy=7.82E-01GeV
481- 488 E8.3 cm-2 F54 Fluence for Rigidity=1.50E+00GV
and Energy=8.35E-01GeV
490- 497 E8.3 cm-2 F55 Fluence for Rigidity=1.57E+00GV
and Energy=8.91E-01GeV
499- 506 E8.3 cm-2 F56 Fluence for Rigidity=1.64E+00GV
and Energy=9.51E-01GeV
508- 515 E8.3 cm-2 F57 Fluence for Rigidity=1.70E+00GV
and Energy=1.00E+00GeV
517- 524 E8.3 cm-2 F58 Fluence for Rigidity=1.71E+00GV
and Energy=1.02E+00GeV
526- 533 E8.3 cm-2 F59 Fluence for Rigidity=1.79E+00GV
and Energy=1.08E+00GeV
535- 542 E8.3 cm-2 F60 Fluence for Rigidity=1.87E+00GV
and Energy=1.16E+00GeV
544- 551 E8.3 cm-2 F61 Fluence for Rigidity=1.96E+00GV
and Energy=1.24E+00GeV
553- 560 E8.3 cm-2 F62 Fluence for Rigidity=2.05E+00GV
and Energy=1.32E+00GeV
562- 569 E8.3 cm-2 F63 Fluence for Rigidity=2.15E+00GV
and Energy=1.41E+00GeV
571- 578 E8.3 cm-2 F64 Fluence for Rigidity=2.25E+00GV
and Energy=1.50E+00GeV
580- 587 E8.3 cm-2 F65 Fluence for Rigidity=2.36E+00GV
and Energy=1.60E+00GeV
589- 596 E8.3 cm-2 F66 Fluence for Rigidity=2.48E+00GV
and Energy=1.71E+00GeV
598- 605 E8.3 cm-2 F67 Fluence for Rigidity=2.60E+00GV
and Energy=1.83E+00GeV
607- 614 E8.3 cm-2 F68 Fluence for Rigidity=2.73E+00GV
and Energy=1.95E+00GeV
616- 623 E8.3 cm-2 F69 Fluence for Rigidity=2.87E+00GV
and Energy=2.08E+00GeV
625- 632 E8.3 cm-2 F70 Fluence for Rigidity=3.02E+00GV
and Energy=2.22E+00GeV
634- 641 E8.3 cm-2 F71 Fluence for Rigidity=3.17E+00GV
and Energy=2.37E+00GeV
643- 650 E8.3 cm-2 F72 Fluence for Rigidity=3.34E+00GV
and Energy=2.53E+00GeV
652- 659 E8.3 cm-2 F73 Fluence for Rigidity=3.52E+00GV
and Energy=2.70E+00GeV
661- 668 E8.3 cm-2 F74 Fluence for Rigidity=3.70E+00GV
and Energy=2.88E+00GeV
670- 677 E8.3 cm-2 F75 Fluence for Rigidity=3.90E+00GV
and Energy=3.08E+00GeV
679- 686 E8.3 cm-2 F76 Fluence for Rigidity=4.12E+00GV
and Energy=3.28E+00GeV
688- 695 E8.3 cm-2 F77 Fluence for Rigidity=4.34E+00GV
and Energy=3.51E+00GeV
697- 704 E8.3 cm-2 F78 Fluence for Rigidity=4.58E+00GV
and Energy=3.74E+00GeV
706- 713 E8.3 cm-2 F79 Fluence for Rigidity=4.84E+00GV
and Energy=3.99E+00GeV
715- 722 E8.3 cm-2 F80 Fluence for Rigidity=5.12E+00GV
and Energy=4.26E+00GeV
724- 731 E8.3 cm-2 F81 Fluence for Rigidity=5.41E+00GV
and Energy=4.55E+00GeV
733- 740 E8.3 cm-2 F82 Fluence for Rigidity=5.72E+00GV
and Energy=4.86E+00GeV
742- 749 E8.3 cm-2 F83 Fluence for Rigidity=6.05E+00GV
and Energy=5.18E+00GeV
751- 758 E8.3 cm-2 F84 Fluence for Rigidity=6.40E+00GV
and Energy=5.53E+00GeV
760- 767 E8.3 cm-2 F85 Fluence for Rigidity=6.78E+00GV
and Energy=5.91E+00GeV
769- 776 E8.3 cm-2 F86 Fluence for Rigidity=7.18E+00GV
and Energy=6.30E+00GeV
778- 785 E8.3 cm-2 F87 Fluence for Rigidity=7.61E+00GV
and Energy=6.73E+00GeV
787- 794 E8.3 cm-2 F88 Fluence for Rigidity=8.07E+00GV
and Energy=7.18E+00GeV
796- 803 E8.3 cm-2 F89 Fluence for Rigidity=8.55E+00GV
and Energy=7.67E+00GeV
805- 812 E8.3 cm-2 F90 Fluence for Rigidity=9.07E+00GV
and Energy=8.18E+00GeV
814- 821 E8.3 cm-2 F91 Fluence for Rigidity=9.63E+00GV
and Energy=8.73E+00GeV
823- 830 E8.3 cm-2 F92 Fluence for Rigidity=1.02E+01GV
and Energy=9.32E+00GeV
832- 839 E8.3 cm-2 F93 Fluence for Rigidity=1.08E+01GV
and Energy=9.95E+00GeV
841- 848 E8.3 cm-2 F94 Fluence for Rigidity=1.15E+01GV
and Energy=1.06E+01GeV
850- 857 E8.3 cm-2 F95 Fluence for Rigidity=1.22E+01GV
and Energy=1.13E+01GeV
859- 866 E8.3 cm-2 F96 Fluence for Rigidity=1.30E+01GV
and Energy=1.21E+01GeV
868- 875 E8.3 cm-2 F97 Fluence for Rigidity=1.38E+01GV
and Energy=1.29E+01GeV
877- 884 E8.3 cm-2 F98 Fluence for Rigidity=1.47E+01GV
and Energy=1.38E+01GeV
886- 893 E8.3 cm-2 F99 Fluence for Rigidity=1.56E+01GV
and Energy=1.47E+01GeV
895- 902 E8.3 cm-2 F100 Fluence for Rigidity=1.66E+01GV
and Energy=1.57E+01GeV
904- 912 E9.3 cm-2 F101 Fluence for Rigidity=1.77E+01GV
and Energy=1.68E+01GeV
914- 922 E9.3 cm-2 F102 Fluence for Rigidity=1.88E+01GV
and Energy=1.79E+01GeV
924- 932 E9.3 cm-2 F103 Fluence for Rigidity=2.00E+01GV
and Energy=1.91E+01GeV
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Acknowledgements:
Sergey Koldobskiy sakoldobskiy[at]mephi.ru
Ilya Usoskin ilya.usoskin[at]oulu.fi
History:
22-Mar-2021: on-line version
28-Sep-2021: corrected version, from author
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 26-Jan-2021