J/A+A/638/A21 New Herbig Ae/Be and classical Be stars catalog (Vioque+, 2020)
Catalogue of new Herbig Ae/Be and classical Be stars.
A machine learning approach to Gaia DR2.
Vioque M., Oudmaijer R.D., Schreiner M., Mendigutia I., Baines D.,
Mowlavi N., Perez-Martinez R.
<Astron. Astrophys. 638, A21 (2020)>
=2020A&A...638A..21V 2020A&A...638A..21V (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, Be ; Stars, emission ; Stars, pre-main sequence ;
Photometry
Keywords: catalogs - Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams -
stars: emission-line, Be - stars: formation -
stars: pre-main sequence - stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
Abstract:
The intermediate-mass pre-main sequence (PMS) Herbig Ae/Be stars are
key to understanding the differences in formation mechanisms between
low- and high-mass stars. The study of the general properties of these
objects is hampered by the lack of a well-defined, homogeneous sample,
and because few and mostly serendipitously discovered sources are
known.
Our goal is to identify new Herbig Ae/Be candidates to create a
homogeneous and well defined catalogue of these objects.
We have applied machine learning techniques to 4150983 sources with
data from Gaia DR2, 2MASS, WISE, and IPHAS or VPHAS+. Several
observables were chosen to identify new Herbig Ae/Be candidates based
on our current knowledge of this class, which is characterised by
infrared excesses, photometric variabilities, and Halpha emission
lines. Classical techniques are not efficient for identifying new
Herbig Ae/Be stars mainly because of their similarity with classical
Be stars (CBe), with which they share many characteristics. By
focusing on disentangling these two types of objects, our algorithm
has also identified new classical Be stars.
We have obtained a large catalogue of 8470 new pre-main sequence
candidates and another catalogue of 693 new classical Be candidates
with a completeness of 78.8±1.4% and 85.5±1.2%, respectively. Of
the catalogue of pre-main sequence candidates, at least 1361 sources
are potentially new Herbig Ae/Be candidates according to their
position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. In this study we present
the methodology used, evaluate the quality of the catalogues, and
perform an analysis of their flaws and biases. For this assessment, we
make use of observables that have not been accounted for by the
algorithm and hence are selection-independent, such as coordinates and
parallax based distances. The catalogue of new Herbig Ae/Be stars that
we present here increases the number of known objects of the class by
an order of magnitude.
Description:
A large catalogue of 8470 new pre-main sequence candidates and another
catalogue of 693 new classical Be candidates with a completeness of
78.8±1.4% and 85.5±1.2%, respectively, are presented.
Also presented, a catalog of 1309 sources that have a probability
p(PMS)+p(CBe)>50% but p(PMS)<50%, and p(CBe)<50%, and the catalog of
all sources (4150983) considered in this study with assigned
probabilities of belonging to each of the three categories (PMS, CBe,
and other)
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
pms.dat 1273 8470 Pre-main sequence candidates (table D1)
cbe.dat 1253 693 Classical Be candidates (table D2)
either.dat 1273 1309 *Sources that have a probability p(PMS)+p(CBe)>50%
but p(PMS)<50%, and p(CBe)<50%
sample.dat 1273 4150983 *All sources considered in this study with assigned
probabilities of belonging to each of the
three categories (PMS, CBe, and other)
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Note on either.dat: Discussed in section 5.3 of the paper.
Note on sample.dat: Discussed in section 4 of the paper.
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See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration,, 2018)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/321 : IPHAS DR2 Source Catalogue (Barentsen+, 2014)
II/341 : VPHAS+ DR2 survey (Drew+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: pms.dat cbe.dat either.dat sample.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 source identifier,
Cat. I/345 (Gaiasourceid)
21- 22 I2 h RAh Gaia DR2 right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (RA)
23 A1 --- --- [:]
24- 25 I2 min RAm Gaia DR2 right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (RA)
26 A1 --- --- [:]
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs Gaia DR2 right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (RA)
33 A1 --- DE- Gaia DR2 declination sign (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (DEC)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Gaia DR2 declination sign (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (DEC)
36 A1 --- --- [:]
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Gaia DR2 declination sign (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (DEC)
39 A1 --- --- [:]
40- 44 F5.2 arcsec DEs Gaia DR2 declination sign (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (DEC)
46- 67 E22.18 deg RAdeg Gaia DR2 right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia_ra)
69- 90 E22.18 deg DEdeg Gaia DR2 declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia_dec)
92- 113 E22.17 deg GLON [] Gaia DR2 Galactic longitude (l)
115- 136 E22.16 deg GLAT Gaia DR2 Galactic latitude (b)
138- 159 E22.18 --- pPMS Probability of belonging to the pre-main
sequence class (Probability_PMS)
161- 182 E22.16 --- e_pPMS Error of the Probability PMS
(eProbabilityPMS)
184- 205 E22.16 --- pCBe Probability of belonging to the classical
Be class (Probability_CBe)
207- 228 E22.16 --- e_pCBe Error of the Probability CBe
(eProbabilityCBe)
230- 251 E22.16 --- pOther Probability of belonging to the
'other objects' class (Probability_Other)
253- 274 E22.16 --- e_pOther Error of the Probability Other
(eProbabilityOther)
275- 298 E24.19 --- Vhtg Heterogeneous variability (Equation 2)
(V_htg)
299- 320 F22.17 --- Gvar G band variability proxy (Equation 1)
(G_var)
322- 340 F19.16 mag BPmag Gaia DR2 blue band (0.50 microns) magnitude
(G_BP)
342- 360 F19.16 mag Gmag Gaia DR2 G (white) band (0.59 microns)
magnitude (G)
362- 380 F19.16 mag RPmag Gaia DR2 red band (0.77 microns) magnitude
(G_RP)
382- 408 A27 --- IVPHAS IPHAS (Cat. II/321) or VPHAS+ (Cat. II/341)
catalogue name (IPHAS/VPHAS_name)
410- 414 F5.2 mag rmag IPHAS or VPHAS+ r band (0.62 microns)
magnitude (r)
416- 419 F4.2 mag e_rmag Error of IPHAS or VPHAS+ r band magnitude
(e_r)
421- 425 F5.2 mag imag ? IPHAS or VPHAS+ i band (0.77 microns)
magnitude (i)
427- 430 F4.2 mag e_imag ? Error of IPHAS or VPHAS+ i band magnitude
(e_i)
432- 436 F5.2 mag Hamag IPHAS or VPHAS+ Halpha band (0.66 microns)
magnitude (Halpha)
438- 441 F4.2 mag e_Hamag Error of IPHAS or VPHAS+ Halpha band
magnitude (e_Halpha)
443 A1 --- a10p [0/1] 'a10point' quality flag from IPHAS or
'clean' quality flag from VPHAS+ (a10point)
445- 465 E21.15 arcsec Dist1 Angular distance from the IPHAS or VPHAS+
source to the Gaia source
(angDistIPHASVPHAS)
467- 485 A19 --- AllWISE AllWISE catalogue name (Cat. II/328)
(AllWISE_name)
487- 505 F19.16 mag Jmag 2MASS J band magnitude from AllWISE
(1.24 microns) (Jmag)
507- 526 F20.18 mag e_Jmag Error of 2MASS J band magnitude from AllWISE
(e_Jmag)
528- 546 F19.16 mag Hmag 2MASS H band magnitude from AllWISE
(1.66 microns) (Hmag)
548- 567 F20.18 mag e_Hmag Error of 2MASS H band magnitude from AllWISE
(e_Hmag)
569- 587 F19.16 mag Ksmag 2MASS Ks band magnitude from AllWISE
(2.16 microns) (Kmag)
589- 608 F20.18 mag e_Ksmag Error of 2MASS Ks band magnitude from
AllWISE (e_Kmag)
610- 628 F19.16 mag W1mag WISE W1 band magnitude from AllWISE
(3.4 microns) (W1mag)
630- 649 F20.18 mag e_W1mag Error of WISE W1 band magnitude from AllWISE
(e_W1mag)
651- 669 F19.16 mag W2mag WISE W2 band magnitude from AllWISE
(4.6 microns) (W2mag)
671- 690 F20.18 mag e_W2mag Error of WISE W2 band magnitude from AllWISE
(e_W2mag)
692- 711 F20.17 mag W3mag WISE W3 band magnitude from AllWISE
(12 microns) (W3mag)
713- 732 F20.18 mag e_W3mag Error of WISE W3 band magnitude from AllWISE
(e_W3mag)
734- 754 F21.18 mag W4mag WISE W4 band magnitude from AllWISE
(22 microns) (W4mag)
756- 775 F20.18 mag e_W4mag Error of WISE W4 band magnitude from AllWISE
(e_W4mag)
777- 780 A4 --- ccf AllWISE contamination and confusion flag
(ccf)
782 A1 --- ex AllWISE extended source flag (ex)
784- 787 A4 --- var AllWISE variability flag (var)
789- 792 A4 --- qph AllWISE photometric quality flag (qph)
794- 814 E21.17 arcsec Dist2 Angular distance from the AllWISE source to
the Gaia source (angDist_AllWISE)
816- 827 F12.8 --- RUWE ? Re-normalised unit weight error from
Gaia DR2 (RUWE)
829- 850 E22.17 mas Plx ? Gaia DR2 parallax (Parallax)
852- 871 F20.18 mas e_Plx ? Parallax uncertainty from Gaia DR2
(e_Parallax)
873- 892 F20.13 pc Dist ? Distance from parallax (Distance) (1)
894- 916 F23.18 pc E_Dist ? Upper error on the Distance (E_Distance)
918- 940 F23.18 pc e_Dist ? Lower error on the Distance (e_Distance)
942- 961 F20.18 mag AG ? Interstellar extinction in the G bandi
(AGintst) (2)
963- 983 E21.18 mag GMAG ? Absolute G magnitude corrected from
interstellar extinction using AG (M_G)
985-1005 E21.16 mag BP-RP ? GBP-GRP colour corrected from
interstellar extinction using AG
(GBPG_RP)
1007-1009 A3 --- HAeBe [Yes ] Yes if Herbig Ae/Be candidate,
only in pms.dat file (HAeBe) (3)
1011-1016 A6 --- GUMAP [G_UMAP ] G_UMAP if possible evolve star
contaminant, nothing otherwise,
only in pms.dat and either.dat
(FlagGUMAP) (4)
1018-1024 A7 --- IDAllW [ID AllW] 'ID AllW' if this source have the
same AllWISE name than other source in the
sample.dat, nothing otherwise,
not in sample.dat
(FlagIDAllW) (5)
1026-1035 A10 --- IDIPH [ID IPH/VPH] 'ID IPH/VPH' if this source
have the same IPHAS or VPHAS+ name than
other source in the sample.dat, nothing
otherwise, not in sample.dat
(FlagIDIPH/VPH) (6)
1037-1038 A2 --- FPN [PN ] 'PN' if possible Planetary Nebula or
'unclassified B[e]' contaminant,
nothing otherwise (Flag_PN) (7)
1040-1042 A3 --- FVar [Var ] 'Var' if photometrically variable PMS
candidate (Flag_Var) (8)
1044-1047 A4 --- FW3W4 [W3W4 ] 'W3W4' if extended source flag of
AllWISE catalogue is different of 0,
nothing otherwise (Flag_W3W4) (9)
1049-1054 A6 --- FX-mtch [X-mtch -] 'X-mtch' if likely false
candidate because of incorrect cross-match
with IPHAS or VPHAS+, nothing otherwise,
not in sample.dat (Flag_X-mtch) (10)
1056-1077 E22.17 mas/yr pmRA* ? Gaia DR2 proper motion in right ascension,
pmRA*cosDE (pmra)
1079-1098 F20.18 mas/yr e_pmRA* ? Error of pmra from Gaia DR2 (pmra_error)
1100-1121 E22.17 mas/yr pmDE ? Gaia DR2 proper motion in declination
(pmdec)
1123-1142 F20.18 mas/yr e_pmDE ? Error of pmdec from Gaia DR2 (pmdec_error)
1144-1167 F24.17 e-/s e_FG Gaia DR2 Error of G band in flux
(photgmeanfluxerror)
1169-1192 E24.17 e-/s e_FBP Gaia DR2 Error of G_BP band in flux
(photbpmeanfluxerror)
1194-1216 E23.16 e-/s e_FRP Gaia DR2 Error of G_RP band in flux
(photrpmeanfluxerror)
1218-1228 F11.9 --- E(BR/RP) Gaia DR2 colour excess factor quality flag
(photbprpexcessfactor)
1230-1252 E23.17 km/s RV ? Gaia DR2 spectroscopic radial velocity
(radial_velocity)
1254-1273 F20.17 km/s e_RV ? Error of RV from Gaia DR2
(radialvelocityerror)
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Note (1): Distance from Bailer-Jones et al., 2018AJ....156...58B 2018AJ....156...58B, Cat. I/347
Note (2): Interstellar extinction was derived using the dust map of
Lallement et al., 2019A&A...625A.135L 2019A&A...625A.135L, Cat. J/A+A/625/A135
Note (3): HAeBe: defined as those PMS candidates with M_G<6, RUWE<1.4, and
Parallax/Parallax_error≥10, nothing otherwise
Note (4): GUMAP: Identified through UMAP visualisation. Discussed in Appx. C.
Note (5): ID AllW: Source with an AllWISE name repeated in the sample.dat table.
Discussed in Sect. 5.2, point 3.
Note (6): IPH/VPH: Source with an IPHAS or VPHAS+ name repeated in the
sample.dat table. Discussed in Sect. 5.2, point 3.
Note (7): PN: Defined as those with r-Halpha≥1.3.
Note (8): Var: Defined as those with G_var≥10, nothing otherwise
Note (9): W3W4: Source which extended source flag of AllWISE catalogue is
different of 0. Discussed in Sect. 5.2, point 2.
Note (10): X-mtch: Likely false candidate because of incorrect cross-match with
IPHAS or VPHAS+. Discussed in Sect. 4.
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Acknowledgements:
Miguel Vioque, pymvdl(at)leeds.ac.uk
(End) Miguel Vioque [Univ. of Leeds, UK], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 05-May-2020