J/A+A/366/508 S Dor variables (van Genderen+, 2001)
S Doradus variables in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds
van Genderen A.M.
<Astron. Astrophys. 366, 508 (2001)>
=2001A&A...366..508V 2001A&A...366..508V
ADC_Keywords: Stars, supergiant ; Stars, variable ; Photometry, VBLUW ;
Effective temperatures ; Magnitudes, absolute ; Reddening
Keywords: catalogue - stars: variables - stars: supergiants
Abstract:
The goal in writing this paper is five fold:
(1) to summarize the scientific achievements in the 20th century on S
Dor variables (or LBVs);
(2) to present an inventory of these variables in the Galaxy and the
Magellanic Clouds with a description of their physical state and
instability properties;
(3) to emphasize the photometric achievements of the various types of
instabilities. Generally this seems to be a neglected item resulting
in a number of misunderstandings continuously wandering through
literature;
(4) to investigate the structure of the S Dor-area on the HR-diagram;
(5) to estimate the total numbers of S Dor variables in the three
stellar systems.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
stars.dat 80 49 Positions and cross-identifications
table1.dat 143 67 Effective temperature, absolute visual magnitude
and luminosity of S Dor variables
(tables 1, 4, 8 and 11 of the original publication)
notes1.dat 80 72 Notes to table 1
table2.dat 225 49 Reddening, distance and VJ magnitude
of S Dor variables
(tables 2, 5, 9 and 12 of the original publication)
notes2.dat 80 60 Notes to table 2
table3.dat 162 54 Time scales and amplitudes of the light variations
of S Dor variables
(tables 3, 6, 8 and 13 of the original publication)
notes3.dat 80 83 Notes to table 3
table16.dat 96 17 Overview of the presumable trends of the brightness
in the intervals before 1950 and between 1950 and
2000, their amplitudes, the duration of the low
stages and the time scales, for 17 S Dor variables
refs.dat 177 300 References
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Cat Category of S Dor Star (G1)
5- 15 A11 --- Name Star name
17- 18 I2 h RAh ? Right ascension (J2000.0) (1)
20- 21 I2 min RAm ? Right ascension (J2000.0) (1)
23- 26 F4.1 s RAs ? Right ascension (J2000.0) (1)
28 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0) (1)
29- 30 I2 deg DEd ? Declination (J2000.0) (1)
32- 33 I2 arcmin DEm ? Declination (J2000.0) (1)
35- 36 I2 arcsec DEs ? Declination (J2000.0) (1)
38- 51 A14 ---- SName Name in Simbad
52 A1 --- n_Names [*] Note on Names (2)
53- 80 A28 --- Names Other names as indicated in
tables 1, 4, 8 and 11 of the paper
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Note (1): Positions from Simbad
Note (2): Individual notes:
R149: The maximum light amplitude, MLA=0.3mag, is too high for a
normal α Cyg variable, thus, supporting the S Dor
membership based on (10) and observations listed in Table 7.
VBLUW photometry, made in eight nights in 1975 and 1976 are
listed in Table 7. The VJ given above is an average based on
a compilation in (10), complemented with the data in Table 7
and in (165), (166) and (167). This relative high amplitude
may be partly caused by the SD-phase.
HD 269858: The spectral type in the visual minimum is according to (9):
B1.5Iaeq
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Cat Category of S Dor Star (G1)
5- 15 A11 --- Name Star name
16 A1 --- n_Name Note in notes1.dat file
18- 28 A11 --- SpType Spectral type
30 A1 --- n_SpType [p] Note on SpType in notes1.dat file
31- 45 A15 ---- Date Approximate date of the extremum for which the
physical and photometric parameters are
applicables
46 A1 --- n_Date [t] Note on Date in notes1.dat file
47- 48 A2 --- l_logTeff [≤ ]
49- 52 F4.2 [K] logTeff ? Effective temperature
53 A1 --- u_logTeff [)-] ')' uncertain value; '-' interval
54 A1 --- n_logTeff [osuvprq] Note on logTeff in notes1.dat file
55- 58 F4.2 [K] logTeff2 ? Lower value of Teff when interval
60- 64 F5.1 mag VMAG ? Absolute visual magnitude
65 A1 --- n_VMAG [wzxy)-] Note on VMAG in notes1.dat file
')' uncertain value; '-' interval
66- 67 I2 mag VMAG2 ? Upper value of VMAG when interval
69 A1 --- --- [)]
70- 73 F4.2 [solLum] logL ? Luminosity
74 A1 --- u_logL [)-] ')' uncertain value; '-' interval
75 A1 --- n_logL [uvrq] Note on logL in notes1.dat file
76- 79 F4.2 [solLum] logL2 ? Upper value of logL when interval
81-103 A23 --- r_logL References for logTeff, VMAG and logL
105 A1 --- Gas [ny?-] Gas nebula?
107 A1 --- Dust [ny?-] Dust nebula ?
110-143 A34 --- r_Gas References for Gas or Dust nebula
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Cat Category of S Dor Star (G1)
5- 15 A11 --- Name Star name
17 A1 --- n_Name Note on Name in notes2.dat file
19- 20 A2 --- l_E(B-V) [=><] Limit flag on E(B-V) (Johnson system)
21- 25 F5.2 mag E(B-V) Reddening E(B-V) (Johnson system)
26 A1 --- --- [-]
27- 28 I2 mag E(B-V)2 ? Second value of E(B-V) when interval
29 A1 --- n_E(B-V) [d] Note on E(B-V) (1)
31- 45 A15 --- r_E(B-V) References for E(B-V)
46- 47 A2 --- l_Dist [=>] Limit flag on Dist
48- 52 F5.2 kpc Dist ? Distance
53 A1 --- u_Dist [)] Uncertainty flag on Dist
54 A1 --- --- [-]
55 A1 kpc Dist2 ? Second value of Dist when interval
57- 67 A11 --- r_Dist References for Dist
69- 73 F5.2 mag Vmag ? Johnson V magnitude
(max for s-a, mean for other)
74 A1 --- n_Vmag Note on Vmag in notes2.dat file
76- 80 F5.2 mag Vmag2 ? Minimum Johnson V magnitude (for s-a and w-a)
81 A1 --- n_Vmag2 [B-E ikm] Note on Vmag2 in notes2.dat file
83- 97 A15 ---- r_Vmag References on Vmag
99-186 A88 ---- r_Name Additional references
187-225 A39 ---- Com Comments
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Note (1): Note on E(B-V)J:
d: Based on the spectral types in minimum light (B5Iae) and maximum
light (A0Ia, see note d in Notes on Name, in T1) and
(B-V)J=0.1 (9) and 0.18 (63), respectively.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Cat Category of S Dor Star (G1)
5- 15 A11 --- Name Star name
17 A1 --- n_Name [b-z] Note on Name in notes3.dat file
19 A1 --- l_PerLSD Limit flag on PerLSD
20- 21 I2 yr PerLSD ? Long-SD phase (LSD, <10yr) period
(lower value if interval)
22 A1 --- f_PerLSD [-] '-' if interval of values
23- 24 I2 yr PerLSDu ? Upper value of PerLSD if interval
25 A1 --- u_PerLSD [?)] Uncertainty flag on PerLSD
27 A1 --- l_ALSD Limit flag on ALSD
28- 30 F3.1 mag ALSD ? Amplitude of the LSD phase
(lower value if interval)
31 A1 --- f_ALSD [-] '-' if interval of values
32- 34 F3.1 mag ALSDu ? Upper value of ALSD if interval
35 A1 --- u_ALSD [)c] Uncertainty flag on ALSD (1)
36 A1 --- l_PerSSD Limit flag on PerSSD
37- 39 F3.1 yr PerSSD ? Short SD phase (SSD, t≳20yr) period
(lower value if interval)
40 A1 --- f_PerSSD [-] '-' if interval of values
41 I1 yr PerSSDu ? Upper value of PerSSD if interval
42 A1 --- --- [,]
43 I1 yr PerSSD2 ? Second SSD phase period
44 A1 --- n_PerSSD [kmtu?] Note on PerSSD in notes3.dat file
46- 49 F4.2 mag ASSD ? Amplitude of the SSD phase
(lower value if interval)
50 A1 --- f_ASSD [-] '-' if interval of values
51- 53 F3.1 d ASSDu ? Upper value of ASSD if interval
55 A1 --- l_microvar [~] Limit flag on microvar
56- 63 F8.3 d microvar ? Microvariation period
(lower value if interval)
64 A1 --- f_microvar [-] '-' if interval of values
65- 69 F5.1 d microvaru ? Upper value of microvar if interval
70 A1 --- u_microvar [)?] Uncertainty flag on microvar
71- 75 F5.1 d microvar2 ? Second microvariation period
76 A1 --- --- [;]
77- 79 I3 d microvar3 ? Thrid microvariation period
80 A1 --- n_microvar [gvwx] Note on microvar in notes3.dat file
81- 82 A2 --- l_Amicrovar [≤] Limit flag on Amicrovar
83- 86 F4.2 mag Amicrovar ? Amplitude of microvar
(lower value if interval)
87 A1 --- f_Amicrovar [-] '-' if interval of values
88- 91 F4.2 mag Amicrovaru ? Upper value of Amicrovar if interval
92 A1 --- u_Amicrovar [)] Uncertainty flag on Amicrovar
93 A1 --- n_Amicrovar [fy] Note on Amicrovar in notes3.dat file
95-144 A50 ---- r_Name References (in refs.dat file)
146-162 A17 --- Com References for light curve/light history
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Note (1): Note on ALSD:
c: It is unknown to what type of SD-phase (S-SD or L-SD) the
long-term light variation belongs with an approximate amplitude of
2mag (Fig. 3).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes1.dat notes2.dat notes3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Note Letter code of the note
3- 80 A78 --- Text Text of the note
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Table 7 : VBLUW photometry of R 149 (in log intensity scale),
and the transformed values in the UBV system
(in magnitude scale) with subscript J,
made in 1975 and 1976
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JD V V-B B-U U-W B-L VJ (B-V)J
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2442712.555 2.202 0.003 0.072 0.13 0.030 12.39 0.02
2442714.552 2.208 0.002 0.080 0.08 0.042 12.41 0.00
2442813.382 2.200 0.008 0.097 0.047 12.39 0.03
2442818.362 2.212 0.005 0.074 0.040 12.42 0.02
2442830.282 2.216 0.012 0.103 0.042 12.43 0.04
2442838.299 2.205 0.005 0.089 0.033 12.40 0.00
2442862.288 2.191 0.017 0.085 0.026 12.36 0.03
2442869.344 2.218 0.004 0.090 0.040 12.43 0.02
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table16.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Name Star name
14 A1 --- n_Name [a-d] Note on Name (1)
16- 19 A4 --- Cat Category of S Dor Star (G1)
21- 26 A6 --- A1950- brightness/activity for period <1950 (2)
28- 32 A5 --- A1950-2000 brightness/activity for period 1950-2000 (2)
33 A1 --- n_A1950-2000 [b] Note (2)
35- 37 F3.1 mag Ampl ? Amplitude of the variation
38 A1 --- u_Ampl [)] Uncertainty flag on Ampl
40- 41 A2 --- l_ttrend [~<>] Limit flag on ttrend
42- 44 I3 yr ttrend ? Duration of the trend stage
45 A1 --- u_ttrend [)] Uncertainty flag on ttrend
47- 48 A2 --- l_tlow [~<>] Limit flag on tlow
49- 51 I3 yr tlow ? Duration of the low stage
52 A1 --- f_tlow [-] '-' for interval
53- 54 I2 yr tlowu ? Upper value of tlow interval
55 A1 --- u_tlow [)] Undertainty flag on tlow
57- 68 A12 --- r_Name References in refs.dat file
70- 96 A27 --- Com References to figures or tables of this paper
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Note (1): Individual notes:
a: According to Fig. 2, the star is probably active since at least
1890, thus t_high ∼110yr.
b: The star was also ``high'' between 1970 and 1980, but much less
than before 1950. After 1980 and until 1995 the star behaved as a
w-a S Dor variable. New observations have been made by Sterken
after 1995. The results will be published in due course.
c: It is unknown whether the ``high'' state in the 17th century was
only due to SD-eruptions, or whether also SD-phases were involved.
d: This star seems to be brighter at present (thus, in the interval
1950-2000) than around 1900, but there is no SD-activity detected
in the present photometry.
Note (2): high, low, (high), (low)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
26- 49 A24 --- Aut Author's name
51-177 A127 --- Com Comments
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Category of S Dor Star:
s-a: strong-active members: light amplitudes >0.5mag. The cycle lengths
of the SD-phases are <10yr and ≳20yr (S-SD and L-SD phases,
respectively). They are listed in tables 1, 2 and 3 of the paper.
w-a: weak-active members: light-amplitudes <0.5mag The cycle lengths of the
SD-phases are <10yr, thus they are S-SD phases. It is evident that the
detection of low amplitude (say <0.2mag) variations on a time scale of
decades (representing the L-SD phases) is difficult due to too short
time bases of the observations.
They are listed in tables 4, 5 and 6 of the paper.
ex: ex- and dormant members. These objects showed no SD-type photometric
variability in the 20th century as far as the scattered observations
allow such a conclusion (though they do show the microvariations like
all α Cyg variables, if photometrically well observed). Usually,
they are, or have been suspected members on account of one or two of
the other criteria listed in Sect. 1.3. For some specimens a strong
photometric variability in the 19th century, or even earlier, has been
taken as an important criterium for membership. If they would have been
monitored photometrically more extensive, a few might in fact be w-a
S Dor variables. They are listed in Tables 8, 9 and 10 of the paper.
pf*: Candidate SD variables (coined such in the literature) and former
candidates (candidates rejected in the present paper). This group
is divided into three subgroups,
(1): the positive (+),
(2): the negative (-) candidates (the first ones show a stronger
SD-signature than the second ones) and
(3): the former, thus, non-candidates (0).
It is now certain, or at least almost certain, that the last category
do not belong to the S Dor variables.
They all are listed in Tables 11, 12 and 13 of the paper.
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Acknowledgements: Arjen van der Meer
(End) Patricia Bauer [CDS] 23-Oct-2000