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J/ApJS/195/14   The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS). V. (Schlingman+, 2011)
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey.
V. HCO+ and N2H+ spectroscopy of 1.1 mm dust continuum sources.
    Schlingman W.M., Shirley Y.L., Schenk D.E., Rosolowsky E., Bally J.,
    Battersby C., Dunham M.K., Ellsworth-Bowers T.P., Evans II N.J.,
    Ginsburg A., Stringfellow G.
   <Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 195, 14 (2011)>
   =2011ApJS..195...14S
ADC_Keywords: Spectra, millimetric/submm ; Surveys ; Interstellar medium

Keywords: Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics - Galaxy: structure - ISM: clouds -
          ISM: kinematics and dynamics - stars: formation - submillimeter: ISM -
          surveys

Abstract:
    We present the results of observations of 1882 sources in the Bolocam
    Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) at 1.1mm with the 10m Henrich Hertz
    Telescope simultaneously in HCO+J=3-2 and N2H+J=3-2. We detect
    77% of these sources in HCO+ and 51% in N2H+ at greater than
    3σ. We find a strong correlation between the integrated
    intensity of both dense gas tracers and the 1.1mm dust emission of
    BGPS sources. We determine kinematic distances for 529 sources (440 in
    the first quadrant breaking the distance ambiguity and 89 in the
    second quadrant). We derive the size, mass, and average density for
    this subset of clumps. The median size of BGPS clumps is 0.75pc with a
    median mass of 330M☉ (assuming TDust=20K). BGPS clumps
    represent a wide range of objects (from dense cores to more diffuse
    clumps) and are typically characterized by larger sizes and lower
    densities than previously published surveys of high-mass star-forming
    regions.

Description:
    Observations were conducted with HHT on Mount Graham, Arizona. The
    data were taken over the course of 44 nights beginning in 2009
    February and ending in 2009 June. We selected sources out of a
    preliminary version of the BGPS source catalog (BOLOCAT; 
    Rosolowsky et al. 2010, Cat. J/ApJS/188/123).

File Summary:

       FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations

ReadMe            80        .   This file
table3.dat       178     1882   Results of HCO+ and N2H+ spectroscopy
table5.dat        98      529   Table of computed quantities


See also:
   J/ApJS/188/123 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. II. (Rosolowsky+, 2010)
   J/ApJ/638/293  : 1.1mm sources in the Perseus Molecular Cloud (Enoch+, 2006)
   J/ApJ/582/756  : Velocities of HII regions (Kolpak+, 2003)
   http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/BOLOCAM_GPS/ : The Bolocam GPS archive


Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat

   Bytes Format Units     Label   Explanations

   1- 15  A15   ---       BGPS    BGPS name (Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey)
  17- 18  I2    h         RAh     Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
  20- 21  I2    min       RAm     Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
  23- 26  F4.1  s         RAs     Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
      28  A1    ---       DE-     Sign of the Declination (J2000)
  29- 30  I2    deg       DEd     Degree of Declination (J2000)
  32- 33  I2    arcmin    DEm     Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
  35- 38  F4.1  arcsec    DEs     Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
  40- 46  F7.3  deg       GLON    Galactic longitude
  48- 53  F6.3  deg       GLAT    Galactic latitude
  55- 60  F6.1  arcsec    Offset  Offset to v1.0
  62- 67  F6.3  Jy        F1.1    The 1.1mm flux density; Jy/beam
  69- 73  F5.3  Jy        e_F1.1  ? Uncertainty in F1.1; Jy/beam
      76  I1    ---       n_THCO  ?=0 HCO^+^ line flag (3)
  78- 83  F6.3  K         THCO    ? The HCO+ beam temperature
  85- 89  F5.3  K         e_THCO  ? Uncertainty in THCO (1)
  91- 97  F7.3  K.km/s    IHCO    ? The HCO+ intensity
  99-103  F5.3  K.km/s    e_IHCO  ? Uncertainty in IHCO (1)
 105-110  F6.3  km/s      WHCO    ? The HCO+ FWHM
     111  A1    ---       f_WHCO  [N] N: Indicates a "NaN" value for WHCO (2)
 113-119  F7.3  km/s      VHCO    ? The HCO+ local standard of rest velocity
     121  I1    ---       n_TN2H  ?=0 N_2_H^+^ line flag (3)
 123-127  F5.3  K         TN2H    ? The N2H+ beam temperature
 129-133  F5.3  K         e_TN2H  Uncertainty in TN2H  (1)
 135-140  F6.3  K.km/s    IN2H    ? The N2H+ intensity
 142-146  F5.3  K.km/s    e_IN2H  Uncertainty in IN2H (1)
 148-153  F6.3  km/s      WN2H    ? The N2H+ FWHM
 155-161  F7.3  km/s      VN2H    ? The N2H+ local standard of rest velocity
 163-168  F6.4  kpc       Dnear   ? Near kinematic distance
 170-176  F7.4  kpc       Dfar    ? Far kinematic distance
     178  I1    ---       n_Dfar  ?=0 Reference for distance estimation (G1)

Note (1): For entries with no measured line, the flux value is blank but
     the error on the baseline is provided.
Note (2): The measured linewidth is less than the channel width.
     The upper limit is 1.12km/s.
Note (3): Line flags as follows (table2 of paper):
   0 = No detection: there is no visible line
   1 = Single detection: one line visible with no visible structure
   2 = Multiple detections: more than one line is visible in the spectrum
   4 = Obvious line wings: one line that shows a possible line wing(s)
   5 = Self-absorbed profile: one line that shows a possible
       self-absorbed profile
   9 = Unusable data: both polarizations have defects that make 
       the spectrum unusable


Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat

   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations

   1- 15  A15   ---     BGPS      BGPS name (1)
  17- 23  F7.3  deg     GLON      Galactic longitude
  25- 30  F6.3  deg     GLAT      Galactic latitude
  32- 37  F6.3  Jy      F1.1      The 1.1mm flux density (in Jy/beam)
  39- 40  I2    ---     Dflg      [1/13] Reference for distance estimation (G1)
  42- 46  I5    Msun    Mass      Estimated Mass
  48- 53  F6.3  km/s    WHCO      The HCO+ FWHM
  55- 61  F7.3  ---     alpha     Virial parameter α (2)
  63- 70  F8.1  cm-3    <BDen>    Beam averaged density
  72- 78  F7.1  cm-3    <VDen>    Volume averaged density
  80- 84  F5.3  g/cm2   SDen      Mass surface density Σ
  86- 91  F6.3  10+5yr  t(ff)     Clump free fall timescale
  93- 98  F6.3  10+5yr  t(cc)     Clump crossing timescale

Note (1): Calculated quantities in this table assume Td=20K for all sources.

Note (2): the virial parameter α is defined by
   α=5Δv2/8ln(2πGΣR), where
   v = observed velocity,
   Σ = mass surface density,
   R = galactocentric distance.
   A value α<1 indicates a gravitationally bound clump.


Global notes:

Note (G1): Flag as follows:
    1 = Parallax;
    2 = Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) Coincidence;
    3 = Kolpak et al. (2003, Cat. J/ApJ/582/756);
    4 = Shirley et al. (2003ApJS..149..375S);
    5 = Tangent Distance;
    6 = Outer Galaxy;
    7 = W3/4/5 Region;
    8 = NGC 7538 Region;
    9 = Cygnus X Region;
   10 = Outer Arm (Cyg X);
   11 = IC1396;
   12 = 3kpc Arm;
   13 = Outer Arm.


History:
  * 19-Sep-2011: From electronic version of the journal
  * 01-Dec-2011: Note on the HCO/N2H detection fixed, as note (3) 
       of table3 (thanks to a remark from a co-author)

References:
    Aguirre et al.               2011ApJS..192....4A
    Rosolowsky et al. Paper II.  2010ApJS..188..123R   Cat. J/ApJS/188/123
    Dunham et al.     Paper III. 2010ApJ...717.1157D
    Bally et al.                 2010ApJ...721..137B
(End)                 Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS]    19-Sep-2011