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III/137     Spectroscopically Identified Hot Subdwarf Stars (Kilkenny+ 1988)
A Catalogue of Spectroscopically Identified Hot Subdwarf Stars
    Kilkenny D., Heber U., Drilling J.S.
   <S.Afr. Astron. Obs. Circ., 12, 1-80 (1988)>
   =1988SAAOC..12....1K
ADC_Keywords: Stars, population II ; Stars, subdwarf


Abstract:
    The catalog contains data for 1225 spectroscopically classified hot
    subdwarf stars. It excludes central stars of planetary nebulae but
    includes stars in binary systems. The data assembled include, where
    available, alternative designations, accurate coordinates, UBV and
    uvby photometry, spectral types and determinations of effective
    temperature and surface gravity.

Introduction:
    Prior to 1986 there were around 200 spectroscopically classified hot
    subdwarf stars. The Palomar-Green survey (Green et al.,
    1986ApJS...61..305G) detected over 900 hot subdwarfs, mostly in the
    North Galactic Cap and mostly previously unknown objects; the
    Kitt-Peak_Downes survey found another 60 near the Galactic Plane
    (Downes, 1986ApJS...61..569D). These form the basis of the present
    catalog but new subdwarfs are continually being found by spectroscopic
    surveys of photographically discovered faint blue star samples;
    examples are the work of Wegner and his co-workers on the Kiso survey
    (Wegner et al., 1985AJ.....90.1511W, 1986AJ.....91..139W,
    1987AJ.....94.1271W) and of Kilkenny and Muller (1987) on southern
    discoveries by Luyten and collaborators (e.g. Haro and Luyten, 1962,
    Cat. III/74; Luyten and Anderson, 1958, 1959, 1967, "A Search for
    Faint Blue Stars").

    Only stars for which a spectroscopic classification exists have been
    included. There is a significant probability that stars with only
    photometric classifications can be normal high-latitude B stars, white
    dwarfs or cataclysmic variable, for example. Hot subdwarfs in binary
    systems have been included but not planetary nebulae nuclei classified
    'sd' since the latter have been catalogued elsewhere.

    Although there is not a universally accepted classification scheme for
    hot subdwarfs, it is fairly clear that the main criterion is a surface
    gravity higher than that of hot main sequence stars but less than that
    of hot white dwarfs. Also, hot subdwarf stars typically show helium
    abundance anomalies.

File Summary:

       FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations

ReadMe            80        .   This file
data.dat         110     1714   Data on hot subdwarf stars
refs.dat         114      106   References


Byte-by-byte Description of file: data.dat

   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations

   1- 10  A10   ---     ID      *Star identification
  12- 21  A10   ---     desig   *RA/Dec designation
  23- 24  I2    h       RAh      Right Ascension (1950) hours
  26- 27  I2    min     RAm      Right Ascension (1950) minutes
  29- 30  I2    s       RAs     *Right Ascension (1950) seconds
      31  A1    ---     q_RAs   *[ab] Accuracy of right ascension
      32  A1    ---     DE-      Declination (1950) sign
  33- 34  I2    deg     DEd      Declination (1950) degrees
  36- 37  I2    arcmin  DEm      Declination (1950) arcminutes
  39- 40  I2    arcsec  DEs     *?Declination (1950) arcseconds
      41  A1    ---     q_DEs   *[abc] Accuracy of declination
  43- 50  A8    ---     Name    *Alternative name for star
  52- 56  F5.2  mag     Vmag    *? V magnitude
      57  A1    ---     u_Vmag   [ :] Uncertainty flag on Vmag
  59- 64  F6.3  mag     color1  *? (B-V) or (b-y)
      65  A1    ---    u_color1  [ :] Uncertainty flag on color1
  67- 72  F6.3  mag     color2  *? (U-B) or m1
      73  A1    ---    u_color2  [ :] Uncertainty flag on color2
  75- 80  F6.3  mag     color3  *? c1 or blank
  82- 83  A2    ---     r_Vmag   A reference for the photometry
  85- 90  A6    ---     Sp      *MK Spectral type
  92- 93  A2    ---     r_Sp     A reference for the spectral type
      95  A1    ---     l_Teff   [ >] Limit flag on Teff
  96- 99  F4.2  [K]     Teff    *? Log of effective temperature
     100  A1    ---     u_Teff   [ :] Uncertainty flag on Teff
     102  A1    ---    l_log(g)  [ >] Limit flag on log(g)
 103-106  F4.2  [cm/s2] log(g)   ? Log of surface gravity
     107  A1    ---    u_log(g)  [ :] Uncertainty flag on log(g)
 109-110  A2    ---     r_Teff   Reference for Teff and log(g)

Note on ID:
    The star name from the original discovery catalog, unless a more
    common name (such as an HD designation) exists. This has been done
    even when the discovery catalog gave a 'faint blue object' type rather
    than a spectroscopic classification because much of the published
    literature naturally uses the 'discovery' name.

    Some stars in the data file occupy multiple records. In this case, ID
    and desig are repeated for all applicable records.

 Source catalogues  (other than  HD,BD,CD,CPD) are:
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HZ    M.L.Humason and F.Zwicky         1947ApJ...105...85H
   LB    W.J.Luyten et al.                A search for Faint Blue Stars Nos
                                          1-50 University of Minnesota (1955-69)
   Feige J. Feige                         1958ApJ...128..267F
   TON   B.Iriarte and E.Chavira          Bol.Obs.Ton.y Tacubaya 2,Nol6,3 (1958)
         E.Chavira                                               2,Nol8,3 (1959)
   TONS  E.Chavira                                              2,Nol7,15 (1958)
   SSII  A.Slettebak and J.Stock          Astron.Abh.Hamburg Obs. 5,5 (1959)
   LSII  J.Stock, J.J.Nassau and C.B.Stephenson
                                          Luminous Stars in the Northern
                                          Milky Way Vol 2 (1960) Hamburg/Warner
                                          and Swasey (see Cat. III/76)
   LSIV  J.J.Nassau and C.B.Stephenson    Luminous Stars in the Northern Milky
                                          Way Vol 4 (1963) Hamburg/Warner and
                                          Swasey (see Cat. III/76)
   LSVI  J.J.Nassau, C.B.Stephenson and D.J.MacConnell
                                          Luminous Stars in the Northern
                                          Milky Way Vol 6 (1965) Hamburg/Warner
                                          and Swasey (see Cat. III/76)
   PHL   G.Haro and W.J.Luyten            Bol.Obs.Ton.y Tacubaya 3,No 22, 37
                                          (1962, Cat. III/74)
   CD    H.L.Giclas,R.Burnham Jr. and N.G.Thomas
                                          various Lowell Obs.Bulletins
                                          summarized in Low. Obs.Bull. 8,157
                                          (1980, see Cat. I/79, I/112)
   EG    O.J.Eggen and J.L.Greenstein     1965ApJ...141...83E
   KS    G.Klare and B.Szeidl             Veroff.Landess.Heidelberg 18 (1966)
   JL    S.Jaidee and G.Lynga             Arkiv for Astronomi 5,345 (1969)
   SB    A.Slettebak and R.K.Brundage     Astron.J. 76,338 (1971AJ.....76..338S)
   LSS   C.B.Stephenson and N.Sanduleak   Publ.Warner and Swasey Obs. 1,1 (1971)
                                          Cat. III/43
   RL    V.C.Rubin and J.M.Losee          1971AJ.....76.1099R
   RUT   V.C.Rubin,D.Uestpfahl and M.Tuve 1974AJ.....79.1406R
   PS    A.G.D.Philip and J.Stock         Bol.Obs.Ton.y Tacubaya 6,201 (1972)
   FB    J.L.Greenstein and A.I.Sargent   1974ApJS...28..157G
   PB    J.Berger and A.M.Fringant        Astron. and Astrophys.Suppl.
                                              28,123 (1977), 39, 39 (1980)
                                              58,565 (1984), Cat. II/239
   KUV   T.Noguchi, H.Maehara and M.Kondo Ann.Tokyo Astron.Obs. 18, 55 (1980)
         M.Kondo T.Noguchi and H.Maehara  Ann.Tokyo Astron.Obs. 20,130 (1984)
   UVO   D.J.Carnochan and R.Wilson       1983MNRAS.202..317C
   CBS   P.Pesch and N.Sanduleak   (I)    1983ApJS...51..171P
         N.Sanduleak and P.Pesch   (II)   1984ApJS...55..517S
         P.Pesch and N.Sanduleak   (III)  1986ApJS...60..543P
         P.Pesch and N.Sanduleak   (V)    1988ApJS...66..297P
   PG    R.F.Green, M.Schmidt and J.Liebe 1986ApJS...61..305G, Cat. II/207
   KPD   R A. Downes                      1986ApJS...61..569D
   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on desig:
    Where an RA/Dec designation exists, this has been included using the
    convention RA (hours, minutes, decimal minutes), sign, Dec (degrees,
    minutes) with truncation for the last figure in RA and Dec (this
    avoids occasional rounding ambiguities). The Kiso surveys (Noguchi
    et al., 1980, Cat. II/106; Kondo et al., 1984AnTok..20..130K) use
    rounding to determine the RA/Dec type nomenclature and this has been
    retained in this catalog to avoid confusing the identification in
    published material. Thus, there are sometimes small differences
    between the KUV and PG names; in this case, both are given.
Note on RAs, q_RAs, DEs, q_DEs:
    Coordinates for 1950 quoted to second and arcsecond accuracy where
    possible ('a' accuracy flag); 'b' indicates a tenth of a second or
    arcsecond accuracy, and 'c' a one arcmin accuracy. More accurate
    co-ordinates can sometimes be found in the source catalogues.
Note on Name:
    Alternative names. The authors have tried to include as many common
    names as possible for each object but have not exhaustively
    cross-indexed all possible catalogs. Durchmusterung designations for
    HD stars are not included although such will almost always exist.
Note on Vmag, color1, color2, color3:
    The Johnson or Stroemgren photometry. Because these data occupy the
    same columns, the immediate way to tell which is which is that the UBV
    photometry has three quantities; the uvby has four. Hence, where
    partial information is available in the literature (E.g. V and (B-V)
    or V, (b-y) and m1) only the magnitude has been listed in this catalog
    and the original reference must be consulted for the data.
    Occasionally, a reference will contain other photometric information
    such as RI or even infrared photometry, so it is always worth checking
    the original source.
Note on Sp:
    Spectral type quoted directly from the literature. No attempt has been
    made to put the classifications on a uniform system. Probably this
    should be left until a clear picture of the evolution of hot subdwarf
    stars emerges.

    Originally the classes 'sd B' and 'sd O' were recognized by broad
    Balmer line absorption and the early confluence of the Balmer series;
    B types were classified by weak or non-existent helium lines and O
    types by the presence of HeII 4686 or other HeII lines (see e.g.
    Sargent and Searle 1968ApJ...152..443S).

    Vauclair and Liebert (1987) accept the sd B, OB, O sequence as one of
    increasing temperature and helium abundance but propose a new 'hot sd'
    category with Teff > 60000 K which overlaps with planetary nebula
    nuclei, PG 1159 stars and hot white dwarfs. Recent spectroscopic
    analyses (Heber and Hunger 1987, Mendez et al. 1988) indicate that
    there is indeed an overlap of hot sdO stars with central stars of
    planetary nebulae and vice versa.

    In the Palomar-Green survey, Green et al. (1986ApJS...61..305G) use a
    scheme which is worth summarizing here because the PG-classified stars
    are a substantial fraction of our catalogue. Briefly:

      sd B = broad Balmer series absorption
      sd B-O = sd B stars with very weak HeI 4471
      sd OA = strong Balmer absorption with HeI 4471 and often HeI 4026
      sd OB = dominated by HeI and HeII lines; often Balmer absorption
         present
      sd OC = dominated by HeII absorption; possibly weak HeI 4471 and
         Balmer series blended with HeII Brackett lines
      sd OD = 'pure' HeI absorption; weak or absent H and HeII
      sd O = HeII 4686 and often HeI 4471 present but signal/noise too
         poor for further classification
      sd = broad Balmer series absorption but signal/noise too poor for
         further classification

    However, the PG classification 'sdOB' is a helium-rich sdO star quite
    different from the Baschek and Norris (1975ApJ...199..694B)
    helium-weak 'sdOB'. To separate the authors have introduced the
    nomenclature sdO(A), sdO(B), sdO(C) and sdO(D) to replace the PG
    sdOA, ...... , sdOD subtypes.
Note on Teff:
    log (effective temperature). Often this is published as K temperature;
    we have given the logarithm to two decimal places only


Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat

   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations

   1-  2  A2    ---     ref       Reference code, as it appears in data.dat
   6-114  A109  ---     text      Text of reference


Acknowledgement:
    The catalogue was sent to the ADC by Dr. Kilkenny for which we thank
    him. This document is nearly a verbatim copy of the published text
    with the exception of the format tables by Julie Anne Watko, and minor
    changes, particularly the elimination of the first-person references.

References:
   Baschek, B. and Norris, J., 1975. Astrophys. J. 199, 694.
     (1975ApJ...199..694B)
   Demers, S., Fontaine, G., Wesemael, F., Lamontagne, R. and Irwin, M.J.,
     1987. IAU Colloquium 95 (in press).
   Downes, R.A., 1986. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 61, 569 (1986ApJS...61..569D)
   Green, R.F., Schmidt, M. and Liebert, J., 1986. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 61,
      305 (1986ApJS...61..305G)
   Greenstein, J.L., 1966. Astrophys. J. 144, 496 (1966ApJ...144..496G)
   Haro, G. & Luyten, W.J., 1962. Bol. Obs. Ton. Tacubaya 3, 37 (Cat. III/74)
   Heber, U., 1986. Astron. and Astrophys. 155, 33 (1986A&A...155...33H)
   Heber, U. and Hunger, K., 1984. Proc. 4th European IAU Conference, ESA
      SP-218, p 273.
   Heber, U. and Hunger, K., 1987. ESO Messenger 47, 36 (1987Msngr..47...36H)
   Heber, U., Hunger, K., Jonas, G. and Kudritzki, R.P., 1984a. Astron.
      Astrophys. 130, 119 (1984A&A...130..119H)
   Heber, U., Hunger, K., Kudritzki, R.P. Simon, K.P., 1984b. IAU Symposium
      106, 215.
   Kilkenny, D. and Muller, S., 1988. SAAO Circular (in press).
   Kilkenny, D., Heber, U. and Drilling, J.S., 1987. IAU Colloquium 95 (in
      press).
   Kondo, M., Noguchi, T. and Maehara, H., 1984. Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs. 20,
      130 (1984AnTok..20..130K)
   Luyten, W.J. and Anderson, J.H., 1958. A Search for Faint Blue Stars
      Vol. XII. Univ. of Minnesota.
   Luyten, W.J. and Anderson, J.H., 1958. A Search for Faint Blue Stars
      Vol. XLIV. Univ. of Minnesota.
   Luyten, W.J. and Anderson, J.H., 1967. A Search for Faint Blue Stars
      Vol. XLIV. Univ. of Minnesota.
   Mendez, R.H., Kudritzki, R.P., Herrero, A., Husfeld, D. and Groth, H.G.,
      1988. Astron. Astrophys. 190, 113 (1988A&A...190..113M)
   Noguchi, T., Maehara, H. and Kondo, M., 1980. Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs. 18,
      55 (1980AnTok..18...55N, Cat. II/106)
   Sargent, W.L.W. and Searle, L., 1968. Astrophys. J. 152, 443
      (1968ApJ...152..443S)
   Stobie, R.S., Morgan, D.H., Bhatia, R.K., Kilkenny, D. and O'Donoghue,
      D., 1987. IAU Colloquium 95 (in press).
   Wegner, G. and McMahan, R.K., 1985. Astron. J. 90, 1511 (1985AJ.....90.1511W)
   Wegner, G. and McMahan, R.K., 1986. Astron. J. 91, 139 (1986AJ.....91..139W)
   Wegner, G., McMahan, R.K. and Boley, F.I., 1987. Astron. J. 94, 1271
      (1987AJ.....94.1271W)
   Vauclair, G. and Liebert, J., 1987. Exploring the Universe with the IUE
      Satellite, p 355, ed. Y. Kondo, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
(End)                                   Julie Anne Watko [ADC/SSDOO] 22-May-1996