J/AJ/127/2484       Early-type galaxies color evolution      (Holden+, 2004)
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Evolution in the color-magnitude relation of early-type galaxies in clusters
of galaxies at z=~1.
    Holden B.P., Stanford S.A., Eisenhardt P., Dickinson M.
   <Astron. J., 127, 2484-2510 (2004)>
   =2004AJ....127.2484H
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ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, photometry
Keywords: galaxies: clusters: general -
          galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: evolution -
          galaxies: fundamental parameters - galaxies: photometry

Abstract:
    We present a study of the color evolution of elliptical and S0
    galaxies in six clusters of galaxies inside the redshift range
    0.78<z<1.27. For each cluster, we used imaging from the Hubble Space
    Telescope (HST) to determine morphological types of the galaxies.
    These types were determined both by an automated technique and from
    visual inspection. We performed simulations to determine the accuracy
    of the automated classifications and found a success rate of ~75% at
    m(L*) or brighter magnitudes for most of our HST imaging data with the
    fraction of late-type galaxies identified as early-type galaxies to be
    ~10% at m(L*) to ~20% at m(L*+2). From ground-based optical and
    near-infrared imaging, we measured the zero point and scatter in the
    color-magnitude relation of the elliptical and S0 galaxy populations,
    which we combine with the sample of Stanford et al.
    (1998ApJ...492..461S), yielding a sample of cluster early-type
    galaxies that span a look-back time of almost 9Gyr from the present.

Description:
    We obtained optical and near-IR images of the clusters using CCD and
    HgCdTe array cameras on NOAO telescopes at Kitt Peak in 1993-1996. Our
    imaging provides multiwavelength photometric data of uniform quality
    through a standard set of filters, and we used well-understood
    photometric systems.

File Summary:
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 FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations
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ReadMe            80        .   This file
clusters.dat      36        8   List of the clusters studied here
tables.dat        80      476   Imaging Data for 8 clusters
                                 (tables 4 to 13 of the paper)
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See also:
    J/ApJS/142/153 : Distant galaxy clusters photometry (Stanford+, 2002)


Byte-by-byte Description of file: clusters.dat
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   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
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   1- 14  A14   ---     Cluster   Cluster designation
  17- 18  I2    h       RAh       Right Ascension J2000 (hours) (1)
  20- 21  I2    min     RAm       Right Ascension J2000 (minutes) (1)
  23- 26  F4.1  s       RAs       Right Ascension J2000 (seconds) (1)
      28  A1    ---     DE-       Declination J2000 (sign) (1)
  29- 30  I2    deg     DEd       Declination J2000 (degrees) (1)
  32- 33  I2    arcmin  DEm       Declination J2000 (minutes) (1)
  35- 36  I2    arcsec  DEs       Declination J2000 (seconds) (1)
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Note (1): position from Stanford et al., Cat. J/ApJS/142/153
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tables.dat
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  Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
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  1- 14  A14   ---     Cluster  Cluster designation, as in "clusters.dat"
 16- 18  I3    ---    [SED2002] Stanford et al. (2002, <J/ApJS/142/153>)
                                 identification number (1)
     19  A1    ---  f_[SED2002] Indicates two HST objects but a blend in
                                 ground-based images
 20- 30  A11   ----    Inst     Intrument as in the original title of the table
                                 (HST, HST NICMOS, HST WFPC2, NICMOS C3)
 32- 36  F5.1  arcsec  oRA      Right ascension offset from central galaxy
 38- 42  F5.1  arcsec  oDE      Declination offset from central galaxy
 44- 46  I3    ---     MType    Morphological class (2)
 48- 52  F5.2  ---     B/T      Bulge-to-total ratio (4)
 54- 60  F7.2  ---     Res      Total galaxy light fraction in the
                                 residuals (4) (3)
 62- 67  F6.3  arcsec  R-h      Half-light radius (4)
 69- 71  A3    ---     HST      HST instrument identification (5)
 73- 75  I3    pix     Xpix     X pixel coordinate in HST
 77- 79  I3    pix     Ypix     Y pixel coordinate in HST
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Note (1): The galaxies are identified in Simbad as [SED2002] Cluster NNN,
          i.e. [SED2002] GHO 0229+0035 2 for "GHO 0229+0035    2".

Note (2): Morphological types are T-types (de Vaucouleurs et al., 1991, 
    Cat. <VII/155>), where an early-type galaxy is classified as -5
    through -1, with 0 being classified as S0/Sa and not included as 
    an early-type galaxy for this paper. Values smaller than -5 are
    classified as stars.

    For 3C 210 and RDCS 0848+4453, classification scheme from Stanford 
    et al. (2002, <J/ApJS/142/153>) as:
       0 = Star
       1 = E/S0
       2 = Sa/Sb
       3 = Sc/Sd
       4 = Irr
       5 = Merger and/or disturbed

Note (3): For some objects, the fraction of galaxy light is strongly 
    negative, such as -199.98. This comes from bright stars where the
    cores have been removed by the cosmic-ray rejection algorithm.

Note (4): For GHO 0021+0406 17 and GHO 0021+0406 88,
         "MType, B/T, Res" = "-1.     -1.   -1.",
    galaxy was too close to the edge of the WFPC2 frame for GIM2D 
    to fit a model, but we could determine visual classifications.

Note (5): For 3C 210 (HST NICMOS) and RDCS 0848+4453 (NICMOS C3),
    NICMOS pointing number
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History:
    From electronic version of the journal
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(End)                  Greg Schwarz [AAS], Patricia Vannier [CDS]    08-Jul-2004