
1 CAL
        MIRA\CAL [ALL|ifb] [/GAINS [/TCAL]] [/PHASE]
           [/OFF  [NONE]  [AVER]  [EQUAL]  [TIME] [TOTAL vMin vMax] /MASK d1
    [d2]]
           [/FEBECAL jfb]

    CAL calibrates the raw data of the observations loaded  with  MIRA\SCAN.
    By default, the first frontend-backend combination is calibrated, other-
    wise the frontend-backend combination number ifb, or all  frontend-back-
    end combinations if ALL is specified instead. If no option is specified,
    all three calibration stages are performed (i.e. normalization by  chan-
    nel  gains,  conversion from backend counts to a temperature scale, sub-
    traction of the off-signal with concatenation  of  autocorrelator  base-
    bands.

    CAL /GAINS normalizes the spectral band by the gainarray.

    CAL  /TCAL  Converts  from  backend  counts to temperature (forward beam
    brightness temperature if beam efficiciency set to  forward  efficiency,
    otherwise  main beam brightness temperature), using the TCal scale auto-
    matically determined when a "chopper wheel" calibration is loaded.

    CAL /PHASE Applies the phase calibration  for  XPOL  measurements  (i.e.
    VESPA  in polarimetry mode). The imaginary part of the cross correlation
    between orthogonally polarized receivers thus becomes the Stokes  V  pa-
    rameter (circular polarization). In order to have a valid phase calibra-
    tion, a calibGrid measurement with an identical spectral setup has to be
    previously calibrated.

    CAL /OFF subtracts the atmospheric emission as measured on the OFF posi-
    tion, and concatenates spectral basebands. For frequency-switched obser-
    vations, the subtraction of the reference signal has to be done in CLASS
    with command FOLD.

    For on-offs with continuum backends, a baseline  linearly  varying  with
    elapsed  time  is subtracted before further processing the data. The re-
    sulting fluxes and errors can be displayed with VIEW /PHASE.

    For on-the-fly data in total power mode, CAL /OFF has the following  op-
    tions:

    CAL  /OFF NONE does not subtract the reference signal, only concatenates
    spectral basebands. Both the reference spectra and on-source spectra are
    written to the CLASS file (see command MIRA\WRITE).

    CAL /OFF AVER uses as reference signal for off subtraction the unweight-
    ed mean of all available reference measurements. This is the default.

    CAL /OFF EQUAL uses as reference signal an unweighted mean of  the  off-
    measurements taken before respectively after the on-subscan.

    CAL  /OFF  TIME uses as reference signal a weighted mean of the off-mea-
    surements taken before respectively after the on-subscan. The first ref-
    erence has a weight decreasing with the time elapsed between the on-the-
    fly record and the first reference measurement (and the  weight  of  the
    second reference increases correspondingly).

    CAL  /OFF TOTAL vMin vMax uses as reference signal a weighted mean value
    of the off-measurements taken before respectively after the  on-subscan.
    The weighting is done in a way to ensure that the total power of the on-
    the-fly record equals the total power of the reference signal.  A  spec-
    tral  line  contributing  significantly to the total power can be masked
    with the arguments vMin and vMax.

    CAL /MASK d1 [d2 [d3 d4 ...]] uses the OTF subscans themselves as  atmo-
    spheric  reference,  masking  the source, which appears between dumps d1
    and d2 (and d3 and d4 etc). If only one argument d1 is  given,  this  is
    the  number  of dumps used as reference at the start and end of each OTF
    subscan.

    CAL ifb /FEBECAL jfb calibrates  the  frontend-backend  combination  ifb
    with the calibration measurement of frontend-backend combination jfb.



1 DESPIKE
        MIRA\DESPIKE [ifb] [/PIXEL [ipix]] [/ITERATE niter]
                        [/WINDOW vMin vMax] [/THRESHOLD value]

    DESPIKE removes spikes from spectra, OTF data, and continuum drifts, re-
    spectively. If the frontend-backend identification  number  ifb  is  not
    specified, the first frontend-backend combination of the current scan is
    despiked.

    DESPIKE /PIXEL [ipix]
    Allows to specify the pixel number ipix for array observations.  Default
    is pixel 1 (for HERA1 and HERA2: pixel 5, the central one).

    DESPIKE /ITERATE niter
    Allows to remove up to niter spikes (default is niter = 10).

    DESPIKE /WINDOW vMin vMax
    Spectral  channels with velocities between vMin and vMax are not consid-
    ered in the search for spikes. Used to avoid confusion between e.g. nar-
    row spectral lines and spikes.

    DESPIKE /THRESHOLD value
    By  default,  the  threshold  for searching for spikes is 5 sigma (rms),
    i.e.  records where the difference between the data value and the median
    of  the  spectrum or the time series is higher than 5 sigma are despiked
    (i.e. attributed  the  blanking  value).  With  option  /THRESHOLD,  the
    threshold can be set to another value.



1 FILE
        MIRA\FILE IN|OUT name [NEW] [/CLASS] [/MBFITS] [/SHOW]

    Selects the input directory and output files.
    FILE IN name         defines the input directory
    FILE OUT name [NEW]  defined the output file;
                         initializes a file if NEW is given.

    FILE /CLASS Opens a CLASS type file for output (default). If the output
                filename has no extension, defaults to .30m

    FILE /MBITS Converts IMBFITS raw data to MBFITS raw data.
                Not yet implemented.

    FILE /SHOW  Displays the names of the current input and output files
                (if opened, otherwise a warning message is issued).


1 FIND
        MIRA\FIND [/BACKEND] [/FRONTEND] [/LINE] [/OBSERVED] [/PROCEDURE]
               [/SCAN] [/SOURCE] [/TELESCOPE] [/NEW] [/SWITCHMODE] [/SILENT]
               [/WHAT] [/PROJECT] [/STAT]

    FIND performs a search in the input directory to build a new index,
    according to selection criteria defined by one or more of the following
    options. The index list (as desribed in the help for command MIRA\LIST).
    Each option accepts more than one argument.

    NEW: FIND is not anymore a prerequisite for the MIRA\SCAN command. In case of
    ambiguous scan numbers, MIRA\SCAN will implicitely take the last scan found
    (i.e. the most recent one).

    NOTE: if you use MIRA\FIND together with a large data archive, you can
    accelerate the search by either not using FIND at all or by specifying at least one of the options /SCAN (will be fastest), /OBSERVED or /BACKEND.

    /BACKEND name                 Searches for data from backend name.
    /FRONTEND receiver            Searches for data from a given receiver.
    /LINE     transition          Search for data of spectral line transition.
    /OBSERVED startDate [endDate] Searches for data observed between startDate
                                  and endDate. If endDate is not specied, looks
                                  only for data observed the day of startDate.
                                  Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (e.g. 2005-09-29).
    /PROCEDURE procedure          Searches for data of a given observing
                                  procedure (e.g. pointing, focus, onOff,
                                  calibration,...).
    /SCAN i1 [i2]                 Searches for data from scans i1 to i2 (or only
                                  scan i1 if i2 not specified).
    /SOURCE object                Searches for data from source object.
    /TELESCOPE antenna            Searches for data from telescope antenna.
    /NEW                          Searches for new data written to the input
                                  directory and appends them to the existing
                                  index list. If no new data are found,
                                  the current index list remains unchanged. For
                                  online data processing at the telescope.
    /SWITCHMOD switch             Searches for observations done with switchmode
                                  switch (e.g. wobbler, beamSwitching).
    /SILENT                       Loads the observations corresponding to the search
                                  criteria into the index list, without issuing the
                                  list output.
    /WHAT                         List the selection currently used.
    /PROJECT xxx-yy               Selects only data from project xxx-yy.
    /STAT                         Writes the total integration time of all
                                  observations in the current index list into
                                  output file .stat (mainly for observing pool
                                  administration).


1 FLAG
        MIRA\FLAG [all|ifb] [/BASEBAND] [/CHANNEL] [/PIXEL] [/RECORD] [/SUBSCAN]

    FLAG allows to ignore selected data for further reduction by attributing them
    the blanking value, for frontend-backend unit ifb (or for all units using the
    corresponding keyword). If only one item is specified (e.g. baseband), the
    corresponding baseband(s) are flagged for all pixels and records, unless
    options /PIXEL and /RECORD are specified, too. Multiple arguments are possible.
    To reset the flags, the scan has to be read again.


1 LIST
        MIRA\LIST [/OUTPUT listfile] [/LONG] [/PROJECT] [/REDUCE] [/FLUX [backend]] [/FORMAT] [/FLAG]

    LIST writes the current index list to the screen:
    column 1 :      scan number
    column 2 :      source name
    column 3 :      observing procedure
    column 4 :      switch mode
    column 5 :      backend name
    column 6 :      observing date (format YYYY-MM-DD)
    column 7 :      running index

    LIST /OUTPUT listfile   Writes the index list into output file listfile,
                            instead of writing to the screen. No default
                            provided (LIST /OUTPUT has the same action as LIST).
                            Default extension is .lis

    LIST /LONG              Provides a more complete listing. Each frontend-
                            backend combination is listed. Information which is
                            the same for all frontend-backend combinations is
                            only written once per scan (all columns except for
                            the spectral line name and the frontend name).
    column 1:               scan number
    column 2:               source name
    column 3:               spectral line name
    column 4:               observing procedure
    column 5:               switch mode
    column 6:               frontend name
    column 7:               backend name
    column 8:               observing date
    column 9:               running index

    LIST /PROJECT           Includes the project number into the current index
                            list. LIST /LONG and LIST /PROJECT are mutually
                            exclusive. The listing gets the following format:
    column 1 :      scan number
    column 2 :      source name
    column 3 :      observing procedure
    column 4 :      switch mode
    column 5 :      backend name
    column 6 :      observing date (format YYYY-MM-DD)
    column 7 :      project number (format XXX-YY)
    column 8 :      running index

    LIST /REDUCE [macro] [classFile] Instead of listing the data in the current
    index, prepares a procedure for off-line data reduction (default: reduce.mira)
    of all observations in the current index. The class output file defaults to
    mira.30m

    LIST /FLUX writes an ASCII-table pointd-mmm-yyyy.dat with pointing
    corrections and fluxes for all pointings in the index list. The flux unit is
    antenna temperature [K] if the index list contains the corresponding calibration
    measurements, otherwise backend counts. The executions halts after subscans and
    scans if doPause = yes (then type c to continue or q to quit). If a backend
    name is specified as argument, fluxes from on-offs with the corresponding
    backend are written instead.

    LIST /FORMAT [shortByScan] [longByScan] [shortBySubscan] [longBySubscan]
    Options for the output format of the pointing flux list: "short" means the
    essential information, "long" yields some extra information appended to extra
    columns extending the output file, "ByScan" means that only solutions for
    subscan averages (of azimuth respectively elevation subscans) are written,
    whereas "BySubscan" contains the solution for individual subscans.

    LIST /FLAG ifb isub1 isub2 isub3 ...
    Only used together with option /FLUX. Flags frontend-backend unit ifb in
    subscan(s) isub1, isub2, isub3 etc. , for all pointing scans in the current list.
    If you only want to flag a single scan iscan, use FIND /SCAN iscan prior to
    calling LIST /FLUX.


1 OVERRIDE
        MIRA\OVERRIDE TEM[PLOAD] | EFF[ICIENCY] | GAIN[IMAGE] value1 value2 |
                   TAMB[PID] value1 value2 [/FEBE ifb|all] [/RESET]

    OVERRIDE allows to change parameters relevant for calibration. By default,
    the parameters for frontend-backend combination 1 are changed (see below
    for option /FEBE). Instead of value1 and value2, asterisks may be used to
    leave the parameter unchanged (see below). The parameters changed are
    displayed on the screen. If the scan loaded is a calibration (i.e. sky,
    hot load, cold load), the calibration parameters are automatically
    re-calculated, using the new values for the load temperatures and/or
    efficiencies. The calibration parameters in the raw data are replaced by those
    set with OVERRIDE until reset by OVERRIDE /RESET

    Keyword TEM[PLOAD]:     changes the temperatures of the cold load (value1)
                            and of the hot load (value2).

    Keyword EFF[ICIENCY]:   changes the forward efficiency (value1) and the
                            beam efficiency (value2).

    Keyword GAIN[IMAGE]:    changes the the suppression of the image band
                            (value1).

    OVERRIDE /FEBE ifb|all  This is to specify the frontend-backend combination
                            (ifb) for which the calibration parameters are to
                            be changed. Keyword "all" changes the parameters
                            for all frontend-backend combinations in the
                            current scan.

    OVERRIDE /RESET         Resets all calibration parameters to default (raw data
                            values). A new calibration has to be read in order to
                            activate the change.

    EXAMPLES:
    OVERRIDE TEMPLOAD * 300 /FEBE all  Changes the hot load temperature for all
                                       frontends to 300 K. All cold load
                                       temperatures are left unchanged.

    OVERRIDE EFFICIENCY 0.95           Changes the forward efficiency of
                                       frontend 1 to 0.95. All beam
                                       efficiencies are unchanged.

    OVERRIDE GAINIMAGE 0.1 /FEBE 1     Changes the sideband suppression for the
                                       receiver in frontend-backend combination
                                       number 1 to 0.1.

    OVERRIDE TAMBPID -7.5 712     Changes ambient outside temperature and
                                       pressure to -7.5 deg C and 712 hPa.

1 SCAN
        MIRA\SCAN scan [/TRACKING trackingError] [/COMPRESS integTim]
                    [/TAU tau1 [tau2 ...]] [/PWV h2omm]
                    [/SUBSCAN first last] [/BACKEND backend1 backend2 ...]
                    [/DROP ignoreBackend1 ignoreBackend2 ...]

    Loads a scan from the current index list. ALL frontend-backend combinations
    used are loaded. A list of identification numbers for the frontend-backend
    combinations is issued. For calibrations, MIRA\SCAN also computes the
    calibrations parameters, and writes them to the screen. The calibration
    parameters for VESPA basebands are individually computed; however, the
    screen output is for mean values across all basebands corresponding to one
    spectrum.

    NOTE: (1) MIRA\FIND is not anymore a prerequisite for command MIRA\SCAN (see help
          for FIND).
          (2) After commands OVERRIDE (for calibrationts) or changing the value of
          logical flag timingCheck the scan needs to be read again in order to validate the
          new settings.

    SCAN /TRACKING trackingError Backend dumps with azimuth- or elevation tracking
                                 errors larger than trackingError (in degree)
                                 are flagged (i.e. attributed the blanking value
                                 for raw data).

    SCAN /COMPRESS dumpTime      Allows to compress large data sets (e.g. with
                                 too short a dump time). If the new dump time
                                 is not an integer multiple of the uncompressed
                                 dump time, command SCAN rounds the compression
                                 factor to the next integer.

    SCAN /TAU tau1 tau2 ...      For calibration scans. Keeps the opacity fixed
                                 at values tau1 tau2 ... for frontend-backend
                                 numbers 1,2,..., and calculates the
                                 corresponding calibration.

    SCAN /PWV h2omm              For calibration scans. Keeps the atmospheric
                                 water vapour fixed at value h2omm and calculates
                                 the corresponding calibration for all connected
                                 frontend-backend units.

    SCAN /SUBSCAN first last     Only reads in subscans "first" to "last".

    SCAN /BACKEND backend1 backend2 ...      Only reads in backend1, backend2, etc.

    SCAN /DROP ignoreBackend1 ignoreBackend2 ... Ignores listed backend for reading.


1 SOLVE
        MIRA\SOLVE [ifb [jfb]] [/PIXEL ipix] [/BINNING nbin]

    SOLVE retrieves the pointing respectively focus corrections or a solution
    to a skydip from the observing procedure loaded with MIRA\SCAN. By default,
    the first frontend connected to the continuum backend is used, otherwise
    number ifb. The pointing and focus results are written to the output device,
    and to output files miraResultsPointing.xml respectively miraResultsFocus.xml
    for further use by the telescope’s control system. If two receiver numbers ifb
    and jfb are entered, the receiver alignment in the Nasmyth focus is fitted and
    plotted (together with the other results in file alignment.dat created by MIRA).

    SOLVE /PIXEL ipix      For observations with HERA. Allows to specify
                           another pixel than the reference pixel for pointing,
                           focus or skydip. For skydips, enter SOLVE /PIXEL 0
                           to plot all pixels.

    SOLVE /BINNING nbin    For pointing measurements, allows to smooth the
                           azimuth and elevations drifts (for weak pointing
                           sources). nbin is the number of dumps averaged
                           (simple box window smoothing).



1 VARIABLE
        MIRA\VARIABLE section|* read|write

    Generates a SIC copy of one of the following MIRA data sections
    (wildcard permitted, activates all sections), for read (default)
    ow write access. For further documentation on MIRA’s data structure,
    please consult section 5 of the MIRA manual. The section MON consists of
    SIC structures MON%HEADER and MON%DATA. Each frontend-backend
    combination has its own GAINS and REDUCE section (e.g. GAINS1, REDUCE3,
    etc.). The sections SCAN, FEBE, and DATA consist of header and data
    structures for each frontend-backend combination, e.g. SCAN1%HEADER,
    SCAN1%DATA, FEBE2%HEADER, FEBE3%DATA, and so on. The DATA and HEADER
    structures of section ARRAY are written for each baseband, e.g.
    ARRAY1%HEADER1, ARRAY2%DATA3, etc.

    VARIABLE PRIM     Retrieves the IMBFITS primary header.
    VARIABLE SCAN     Same for the scan header and table sections.
    VARIABLE FEBE     Information related to the frontend-backend combination.
    VARIABLE ARRAY    Raw data headers and data sections.
    VARIABLE DATA     For calibrated raw data, and monitor points interpolated
                      at the backend timestamps.
    VARIABLE MON      Monitoring headers and table sections.
    VARIABLE GAINS    Calibration parameter for each frontend-backend
                      combination.
    VARIABLE CHOICE   Search options for MIRA’s command FIND.
    VARIABLE REDUCE   MIRA internal flags for calibration history.
    VARIABLE LIST     Entries of the current index list.



1 VIEW
        MIRA\VIEW [ifb] [/CAL] [/GAINS] [/PHASES [phaseId] [irec]] [/SIGNAL [idump]]
                     [/MAP] [/PIXEL ipix] [/TRACES [trackLimits]] [/XPOL ipart]
                     [/ZOOM] [/DEROTATOR [frameAngle]] [/OTF]

    VIEW is MIRA’s command for plotting the data of frontend-backend
    combination number ifb (default is 1). Alternatively, VIEW ifb1 ifb2
    concatenates bands ifb1 and ifb2 for plotting (for option /SIGNAL only), and
    VIEW ifb1 TO ifb2 concatenates all bands from ifb1 to ifb2.

    The item to be plotted is specified
    by one of the following options. Otherwise, the following defaults are
    provided: VIEW /CAL for chopper-wheel calibrations, VIEW /PHASES for all
    uncalibrated data, VIEW /SIGNAL for calibrated data (at least off
    subtracted) from a single position, respectively VIEW /MAP for OTF maps.

    VIEW /CAL
    For calibrations only. Plots the counts from the loads (sky, ambient,
    cold, respectively) versus time (for continuum backends. For spectral line
    backends, plots the subscan average of the dumps from the corresponding
    loads versus frequency. Calibration and weather parameters are also displayed
    (for HERA data only if option /PIXEL is used).

    VIEW /GAINS
    Plots the gainarray currently in use. For spectrometers only.

    VIEW /MAP
    Plots a pseudo-map (data values versus velocity and record number) for
    calibrated OTF data.

    VIEW /PHASES [phaseId] [irec]
    Plots the uncalibrated data against time (for continuum backends)
    respectively frequency and record number (for spectrometers), using
    phase phaseId (according to the observing procedure viewed, it defaults to ON,
    SKY, or FHI). By default, the scan average of all phases iphase in shown,
    otherwise record number irec.

    For on-offs with continuum backends, the mean flux and its estimated error are
    displayed (for HERA data please select a pixel). For continuum data taken
    with the beam switch, phase1-phase2 is plotted, where the leading phase1 is
    given by phaseId. For one of phaseId = 1, 2, ..., nphases, only the total
    power for the corresponding phase is shown.

    VIEW /PIXEL ipix
    By default, VIEW shows data for all HERA pixels. If you want to visualize
    only one pixel (e.g. together with option /ZOOM, see below), please use this
    option.

    VIEW /DEROTATOR [frameAngle]
    Plots HERA’s derotator angle for the Nasmyth reference system, for the last
    scan read in. If frameAngle is not specified, the current position angle of
    HERa is used.

    VIEW /SIGNAL [idump]
    Plots calibrated data, as time series (for continuum drifts) respectively
    spectra (for spectrometers). For OTF maps, record number idump can be
    specified to plot a single spectrum.

    VIEW /TRACES [trackLimits]
    A tool to visualize the antenna speed and fast trace values. The plot
    distinguishes between the trace values, and their interpolation at the
    backend record time (used for further data processing). Optionally,
    parameter trackLimits [arc sec] can be used to narrow the plot limits for the
    tracking errors.

    VIEW [ipart] /XPOL
    Allows to plot the amplitude and phase of the cross correlation of
    orthogonally polarized receivers, as measured by a calibGrid procedure
    (only for VESPA data in XPOL mode). If the Stokes parameters of several
    spectral lines are simulteaneously measured, ipart sets the VESPA part
    (defaults to 1). In order to retrieve the amplitude and phase, please
    perform first a calibration.

    VIEW /ZOOM
    Plots and calls the interactive cursor to define a region for a zoom. Use
    the cursor to define the lower left and upper right corner (order does not
    matter).

    VIEW /OTF
    Displays a layout of points on the sky sampled by the OTF maps in the current
    index list generated with FIND (latitude offset vs. longitude offset).



1 WRITE
        MIRA\WRITE [/FEBE ALL|ifb] [/PIXEL ALL|ipix] [/SUBSCANS isub]

    Writes calibrated data to a CLASS file (respectively raw data to a
    MBFITS file, not yet implemented, see help for MIRA\FILE). The number of
    the spectrum (or continuum drift) is successively increased.

    WRITE  /FEBE ALL|ifb
    Specifies the frontend-backend combination to be written (here: ifb). Default
    is 1. Argument ALL: writes CLASS spectra for all frontend-backend combinations
    in current index.

    WRITE /PIXEL ALL|ipix
    For HERA data: spectra from pixel ipix are written (default pixel 1). To
    write out all pixels: WRITE /PIXEL ALL

    WRITE /SUBSCAN isub
    By default, all subscans are written to the CLASS output file (for OTF maps
    one CLASS spectrum per records, for pointing one CLASS drift per subscan).
    With the /SUBSCAN option, only a given subscan of an OTF map or a pointing
    is written to the output file (defaults to subscan 1 if isub is not specified).


1 ENDOFHELP














